Programming Materials, Training Materials, Tutorials ASP.Net, C#, VB.Net, SQL Server

C# Delegates

2010-06-07T00:24:00.000-07:00

Delegate Example 1

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace DelgateForNotes
{
class Program
{
// Declaring A delegate , which will refer function having two parameter and will return integer
public delegate int AddDelegate(int num1, int num2);

static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Creating method of delegate, and passing Function Add as argument.
AddDelegate funct1= new AddDelegate(Add);
// Invoking Delegate.....
int k=funct1(7,2);
Console.WriteLine(" Sumation = {0}",k);
Console.Read();

}
// Static Function Add, which having same signature as of delegate
public static int Add(int num1, int num2)
{
Console.WriteLine("I am called by Delegate");
int sumation;
sumation= num1+ num2;
return sumation;
}
}
}
Output:
I am called by Delegate
Sumation =9

MultiCast Delegates

A delegate which wrap up more than one method is called Multicast Delegates. When a multicast delegate is get called, it will successively call each functions in order. Multicast Delegate allow to chain together several functions. These chain functions can be called together when delegate is invoked. Every Delegate type has a built in support for dealing with multiiple handlers. Delegate gets this support by inheriting from the MultiCastDelegate class.
To work with Multicast Delegate , delegate signature should return void. Otherwise only last method result can be fetched.
Operators used are
+= this operator is used to add functions in delegate .
-= this operatir is used to remove function from delegate.

Delegate classes

System.Delegate

The purpose of a single delegate instance is very similar to a method pointer from C++. However, in C# don't use method pointers, rather, it save the "metadata" that identifies the target method to call. System.Delegate contains two critical data elements. Firstly, it contains an instance of System.Reflection.MethodInfo â?" in other words, the .NET metadata that enables method invocation using reflection.
The second aspect of System.Delegate is the object instance on which the method needs to be invoked. Given an unlimited number of objects that could support a method that matches the MethodInfo signature, we also need to be able to identify which objects to notify. The only exception is when the method identified by MethodInfo is static â?" in which case the object reference stored by System.Delegate is null.

System.MulticastDelegate

System.MulticastDelegate therefore, adds to delegates the support for notifying multiple subscribers. This is enabled through System.MulticastDelegate's containment of another System.MulticastDelegate instance. On adding a subscriber to a multicast delegate, the MulticastDelegate class creates a new instance of the delegate type, stores the object reference and the method pointer for the added method into the new instance, and adds the new delegate instance as the next item in a list of delegate instances. In effect, the MulticastDelegate class maintains a linked list of delegate objects.

Sequential Invocation

When invoking the multicast delegate, each delegate instance in the linked list is called sequentially. This sequential invocation, however, leads to problems if the invoked method throws an exception or if the delegate itself returns data.

Multicast Delegate Example 1

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace MulticastDelegate1
{
class Program
{
// Decelaring delegate here, which will refer to method having void return type and one string as argument
public delegate void showDelegate(string s);
static void Main(string[] args)
{
showDelegate s = Display;
s += Show;
s("Hello");
s("Scott");
Console.Read();
}

// User Defind static function to display
public static void Display(string title)
{
Console.WriteLine(title);
}

// User defind static function
public static void Show(string title)
{
Console.WriteLine(title);
}

}
}
OUTPUT:
Hello
Hello
Scott
Scott

In the above example, the showDelegate is a delegate, which can refer any method having return type void and one string as parameter. There are two static user defined functions called Display and Show.

Multicast Delegate Example 2

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace MulticastDelegate
{
// user defined class for math operation. This class contains two static method. one method for squre and another method for double the number.
class MathOperation
{
// Multiply by two method, this method multiply number by 2
public static void MultiplyByTwo(double d)
{
double res = d*2;
Console.WriteLine("Multiply: "+res.ToString());

}
// squre number method
public static void Squre(double e)
{
double res = e * e;
Console.WriteLine("Square"+res.ToString());
}
}

class NewProgram
{
// Decelaring delegate called del
public delegate void del(double Qr);

static void Main()
{
// Creating delegate
del d = MathOperation.MultiplyByTwo;
// adding method to del delegate using += operator
d += MathOperation.Squre;
// calling display function. passsing delegate and double value as parameter
Display(d, 2.00);
Display(d, 9.9);
Console.ReadLine();
}

// User defined function to display result and call appropirate operation
static void Display(del action, double value)
{
Console.WriteLine("Result = "+ value);
action(value);
}
}

The above code is implementing multicast delegate. In above code, there is a MathOperationClass, this class is containing two methods. One to double the input parameter and other to make squre of that.

public delegate void del(double Qr);

This is delegate decelaration. It will refer method having one double parameter and will return void.

Display function is taking delegate and double as parameter. This function is displaying the result and calling the delegate.

Article from: http://www.dotnetspark.com/kb/1218-beginners-guide-to-delegates-c-sharp.aspx

To Reference ASP.NET Master Page Content, Content Pages

2010-05-14T02:23:00.000-07:00

To Access Content Page TextBox Value in MasterPage:

TextBox txtB = (TextBox)ContentPlaceHolder1.FindControl("txtContentPg");
txtMaster.Text = "Content Page TextBox Value: " + txtB.Text;

To Access Master Page Label Value in ContentPage:

Label l1 = (Label)Master.FindControl("lblMaster");
lblContentPg.Text = "Master Page Label = "+l1.Text;

Date Validation in C#

2010-01-13T05:08:00.000-08:00

/// <summary>
/// Determine if Date String is an actual date
/// Date format = MM/DD/YYYY
/// </summary>
/// <param name="date"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private bool ValidateDate(string date)
{
try
{
// for US, alter to suit if splitting on hyphen, comma, etc.
string[] dateParts = date.Split('/');

// create new date from the parts; if this does not fail
// the method will return true and the date is valid
DateTime testDate = new
DateTime(Convert.ToInt32(dateParts[2]),
Convert.ToInt32(dateParts[0]),
Convert.ToInt32(dateParts[1]));

return true;
}
catch
{
// if a test date cannot be created, the
// method will return false
return false;
}
}

Source:: Easy Date Validation in C#
http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/scottlysle/DateValCS02222009225005PM/DateValCS.aspx

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date Validation:
try
{
departDate = DateTime.Parse(flightDepartureDateTextBox.Text);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
feedbackLabel.Text = "Invalid data entry: " +
"Enter a valid date, for example: 02/02/2010";
return;
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.datetime.tryparse.aspx

C# DateTime Formats

2009-12-03T04:15:00.000-08:00

There are various DateTimeFormats

DateTime.Now;	4/19/2008 7:04:34 AM
DateTime.Now.ToString();	4/19/2008 7:04:34 AM
DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString()	7:04 AM
DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString()	4/19/2008
DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString()	7:04:34 AM
DateTime.Now.ToLongDateString()	Saturday, April 19, 2008

DateTime.Now.ToString("d")		4/19/2008
DateTime.Now.ToString("D")		Saturday, April 19, 2008
DateTime.Now.ToString("f")		Saturday, April 19, 2008 7:04 AM
DateTime.Now.ToString("F")		Saturday, April 19, 2008 7:04:34 AM
DateTime.Now.ToString("g")		4/19/2008 7:04 AM
DateTime.Now.ToString("G")		4/19/2008 7:04:34 AM
DateTime.Now.ToString("m")		April 19
DateTime.Now.ToString("r")		Sat, 19 Apr 2008 07:04:34 GMT
DateTime.Now.ToString("s")		2008-04-19T07:04:34
DateTime.Now.ToString("t")		7:04 AM
DateTime.Now.ToString("T")		7:04:34 AM
DateTime.Now.ToString("u")		2008-04-19 07:04:34Z
DateTime.Now.ToString("U")		Saturday, April 19, 2008 12:04:34 PM
DateTime.Now.ToString("y")		April, 2008
DateTime.Now.ToString("dddd, MMMM dd yyyy")		Saturday, April 19 2008
DateTime.Now.ToString("ddd, MMM d "'"yy")		Sat, Apr 19 '08
DateTime.Now.ToString("dddd, MMMM dd")		Saturday, April 19
DateTime.Now.ToString("M/yy")		4/08
DateTime.Now.ToString("dd-MM-yy")		19-04-08

Parsing Date At ASPX page

<#DateTime.Parse(Eval("DateColumnName").ToString()).ToString("MMM dd, yyyy")%>

Parsing Date At .CS page

string dt=DateTime.Parse(appdate).ToString("MM/dd/yyyy");

Some DateTime Conversion in SP

Style ID	Style Type
0 or 100	mon dd yyyy hh:miAM (or PM)
101	mm/dd/yy
102	yy.mm.dd
103	dd/mm/yy
104	dd.mm.yy
105	dd-mm-yy
106	dd mon yy
107	Mon dd, yy
108	hh:mm:ss
9 or 109	mon dd yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM (or PM)
110	mm-dd-yy
111	yy/mm/dd
112	yymmdd
13 or 113	dd mon yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmm(24h)
114	hh:mi:ss:mmm(24h)
20 or 120	yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss(24h)
21 or 121	yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss.mmm(24h)
126	yyyy-mm-dd Thh:mm:ss.mmm(no spaces)
130	dd mon yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM
131	dd/mm/yy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM

SQL Server : Query XML

2009-11-18T06:14:00.000-08:00

create function dbo.myAppDateTest(@ReqID nvarchar(30))
RETURNS varchar(30)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @FileContents XML
BEGIN
SELECT @FileContents = flags from tblapptrequest WHERE REQUESTID=@ReqID
END
return(
SELECT
x.item.value('appdate[1]','CHAR(10)')
FROM
@FileContents.nodes('SampleXML') AS x(item))
end

--------------------

select cast(flags as xml).query('appdate').value('appdate[1]','char(10)') as appdate from tblapptrequest where requestid='439'

Date Validation in C# .NET 1.1

2009-10-28T06:18:00.001-07:00

DateTime.ToString() Patterns, DateTime.ToString() Examples

2009-10-06T06:42:00.000-07:00

DateTime.ToString() Examples

All the patterns:

0	MM/dd/yyyy	08/22/2006
1	dddd, dd MMMM yyyy	Tuesday, 22 August 2006
2	dddd, dd MMMM yyyy	HH:mm Tuesday, 22 August 2006 06:30
3	dddd, dd MMMM yyyy	hh:mm tt Tuesday, 22 August 2006 06:30 AM
4	dddd, dd MMMM yyyy	H:mm Tuesday, 22 August 2006 6:30
5	dddd, dd MMMM yyyy	h:mm tt Tuesday, 22 August 2006 6:30 AM
6	dddd, dd MMMM yyyy HH:mm:ss	Tuesday, 22 August 2006 06:30:07
7	MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm	08/22/2006 06:30
8	MM/dd/yyyy hh:mm tt	08/22/2006 06:30 AM
9	MM/dd/yyyy H:mm	08/22/2006 6:30
10	MM/dd/yyyy h:mm tt	08/22/2006 6:30 AM
10	MM/dd/yyyy h:mm tt	08/22/2006 6:30 AM
10	MM/dd/yyyy h:mm tt	08/22/2006 6:30 AM
11	MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss	08/22/2006 06:30:07
12	MMMM dd	August 22
13	MMMM dd	August 22
14	yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss.fffffffK	2006-08-22T06:30:07.7199222-04:00
15	yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss.fffffffK	2006-08-22T06:30:07.7199222-04:00
16	ddd, dd MMM yyyy HH':'mm':'ss 'GMT'	Tue, 22 Aug 2006 06:30:07 GMT
17	ddd, dd MMM yyyy HH':'mm':'ss 'GMT'	Tue, 22 Aug 2006 06:30:07 GMT
18	yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss	2006-08-22T06:30:07
19	HH:mm	06:30
20	hh:mm tt	06:30 AM
21	H:mm	6:30
22	h:mm tt	6:30 AM
23	HH:mm:ss	06:30:07
24	yyyy'-'MM'-'dd HH':'mm':'ss'Z'	2006-08-22 06:30:07Z
25	dddd, dd MMMM yyyy HH:mm:ss	Tuesday, 22 August 2006 06:30:07
26	yyyy MMMM	2006 August
27	yyyy MMMM	2006 August

The patterns for DateTime.ToString ( 'd' ) :

MM/dd/yyyy

08/22/2006

The patterns for DateTime.ToString ( 'D' ) :

dddd, dd MMMM yyyy

Tuesday, 22 August 2006

The patterns for DateTime.ToString ( 'f' ) :

0	dddd, dd MMMM yyyy HH:mm	Tuesday, 22 August 2006 06:30
1	dddd, dd MMMM yyyy hh:mm	tt Tuesday, 22 August 2006 06:30 AM
2	dddd, dd MMMM yyyy H:mm	Tuesday, 22 August 2006 6:30
3	dddd, dd MMMM yyyy h:mm	tt Tuesday, 22 August 2006 6:30 AM

The patterns for DateTime.ToString ( 'F' ) :

dddd, dd MMMM yyyy HH:mm:ss

Tuesday, 22 August 2006 06:30:07

The patterns for DateTime.ToString ( 'g' ) :

0	MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm	08/22/2006 06:30
1	MM/dd/yyyy hh:mm	tt 08/22/2006 06:30 AM
2	MM/dd/yyyy H:mm	08/22/2006 6:30
3	MM/dd/yyyy h:mm tt	08/22/2006 6:30 AM

The patterns for DateTime.ToString ( 'G' ) :

MM/dd/yyyy HH:mm:ss

08/22/2006 06:30:07

The patterns for DateTime.ToString ( 'm' ) :

MMMM dd

August 22

The patterns for DateTime.ToString ( 'r' ) :

ddd, dd MMM yyyy HH':'mm':'ss 'GMT'

Tue, 22 Aug 2006 06:30:07 GMT

The patterns for DateTime.ToString ( 's' ) :

yyyy'-'MM'-'dd'T'HH':'mm':'ss

2006-08-22T06:30:07

The patterns for DateTime.ToString ( 'u' ) :

yyyy'-'MM'-'dd HH':'mm':'ss'Z'

2006-08-22 06:30:07Z

The patterns for DateTime.ToString ( 'U' ) :

dddd, dd MMMM yyyy HH:mm:ss

Tuesday, 22 August 2006 06:30:07

The patterns for DateTime.ToString ( 'y' ) :

0	yyyy MMMM 2006 August

Building a custom DateTime.ToString Patterns

The following details the meaning of each pattern character. Not the K and z character.

d	Represents the day of the month as a number from 1 through 31. A single-digit day is formatted without a leading zero
dd	Represents the day of the month as a number from 01 through 31. A single-digit day is formatted with a leading zero
ddd	Represents the abbreviated name of the day of the week (Mon, Tues, Wed etc)
dddd	Represents the full name of the day of the week (Monday, Tuesday etc)
h	12-hour clock hour (e.g. 7)
hh	12-hour clock, with a leading 0 (e.g. 07)
H	24-hour clock hour (e.g. 19)
HH	24-hour clock hour, with a leading 0 (e.g. 19)
m	Minutes
mm	Minutes with a leading zero
M	Month number
MM	Month number with leading zero
MMM	Abbreviated Month Name (e.g. Dec)
MMMM	Full month name (e.g. December)
s	Seconds
ss	Seconds with leading zero
t	Abbreviated AM / PM (e.g. A or P)
tt	AM / PM (e.g. AM or PM
y	Year, no leading zero (e.g. 2001 would be 1)
yy	Year, leadin zero (e.g. 2001 would be 01)
yyy	Year, (e.g. 2001 would be 2001)
yyyy	Year, (e.g. 2001 would be 2001)
K	Represents the time zone information of a date and time value (e.g. +05:00)
z	With DateTime values, represents the signed offset of the local operating system's time zone from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), measured in hours. (e.g. +6)
zz	As z but with leadin zero (e.g. +06)
zzz	With DateTime values, represents the signed offset of the local operating system's time zone from UTC, measured in hours and minutes. (e.g. +06:00)
f	Represents the most significant digit of the seconds fraction; that is, it represents the tenths of a second in a date and time value.
ff	Represents the two most significant digits of the seconds fraction; that is, it represents the hundredths of a second in a date and time value.
fff	Represents the three most significant digits of the seconds fraction; that is, it represents the milliseconds in a date and time value.
ffff	Represents the four most significant digits of the seconds fraction; that is, it represents the ten thousandths of a second in a date and time value. While it is possible to display the ten thousandths of a second component of a time value, that value may not be meaningful. The precision of date and time values depends on the resolution of the system clock. On Windows NT 3.5 and later, and Windows Vista operating systems, the clock's resolution is approximately 10-15 milliseconds.
fffff	Represents the five most significant digits of the seconds fraction; that is, it represents the hundred thousandths of a second in a date and time value. While it is possible to display the hundred thousandths of a second component of a time value, that value may not be meaningful. The precision of date and time values depends on the resolution of the system clock. On Windows NT 3.5 and later, and Windows Vista operating systems, the clock's resolution is approximately 10-15 milliseconds.
ffffff	Represents the six most significant digits of the seconds fraction; that is, it represents the millionths of a second in a date and time value. While it is possible to display the millionths of a second component of a time value, that value may not be meaningful. The precision of date and time values depends on the resolution of the system clock. On Windows NT 3.5 and later, and Windows Vista operating systems, the clock's resolution is approximately 10-15 milliseconds.
fffffff	Represents the seven most significant digits of the seconds fraction; that is, it represents the ten millionths of a second in a date and time value. While it is possible to display the ten millionths of a second component of a time value, that value may not be meaningful. The precision of date and time values depends on the resolution of the system clock. On Windows NT 3.5 and later, and Windows Vista operating systems, the clock's resolution is approximately 10-15 milliseconds.
F	Represents the most significant digit of the seconds fraction; that is, it represents the tenths of a second in a date and time value. Nothing is displayed if the digit is zero.
:	Represents the time separator defined in the current DateTimeFormatInfo..::.TimeSeparator property. This separator is used to differentiate hours, minutes, and seconds.
/	Represents the date separator defined in the current DateTimeFormatInfo..::.DateSeparator property. This separator is used to differentiate years, months, and days.
"	Represents a quoted string (quotation mark). Displays the literal value of any string between two quotation marks ("). Your application should precede each quotation mark with an escape character (\).
'	Represents a quoted string (apostrophe). Displays the literal value of any string between two apostrophe (') characters.
%c	Represents the result associated with a c custom format specifier, when the custom date and time format string consists solely of that custom format specifier. That is, to use the d, f, F, h, m, s, t, y, z, H, or M custom format specifier by itself, the application should specify %d, %f, %F, %h, %m, %s, %t, %y, %z, %H, or %M. For more information about using a single format specifier, see Using Single Custom Format Specifiers.

http://www.longhorncorner.com/Forums/ShowMessages.aspx?ThreadID=43605

SQL Server Time Formats, SQL Server Time Format Examples

2009-10-06T05:42:00.000-07:00

SELECT cast(datediff(mi,'11:00 AM','7:10 PM')/60 as varchar(10))+':'+cast(datediff(mi,'11:00 AM','7:10 PM')%60 as varchar(10))+':00'

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(8),GETDATE(),108) AS HourMinute

SELECT convert(varchar(10),getdate(),114)

SELECT right(CONVERT( varchar, getDate(), 100),7)

SELECT RIGHT('0'+LTRIM(RIGHT(CONVERT(varchar,getDate(),100),8)),7)

SELECT REPLACE(REPLACE(RIGHT('0'+LTRIM(RIGHT(CONVERT(varchar,getDate(),100),7)),7),'AM',' AM'),'PM',' PM')

SELECT RIGHT(CONVERT(VARCHAR(20), GETDATE(), 100),7)

SELECT stuff( right( convert( varchar(26), getDate(), 109 ), 15 ), 7, 7, ' ' )

SELECT RIGHT('0'+LTRIM(RIGHT(CONVERT(varchar,getDate(),100),8)),7)

SELECT substring(convert(varchar(20), GetDate(), 9), 13, 5)

+ ' ' + substring(convert(varchar(30), GetDate(), 9), 25, 2)

SELECT

GETDATE() AS CurrentDate,

RIGHT(CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(), 100),7) AS CurrentTime,

CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE(), 101) + ' ' + RIGHT(CONVERT(VARCHAR, GETDATE(), 100),7) AS CurrentDateTime

Disabling an ASP.NET Button when Clicked

2009-10-01T02:34:00.000-07:00

Disabling an ASP.NET Button when Clicked or On Mouse click

tried this...
<asp:Button runat="server" Text="My Button" OnClientClick="this.disabled=true;" />

it failed but. Why? because if you disable a button in the onclick it doesn't post back. the button gets disabled before the form posts back.

Instead of disabling the button when you click it, set the onclick event to fire a function that returns false. So it looks something like this:

<asp:Button runat="server" Text="My Button" OnClientClick="this.onclick=new Function('return false;');" />

or you can disable an ASP.NET Button, in the following way

<a href="#">
<img id="btnSubmit" height="39" alt="Next Page" src="Media/Global/nextpage-off.GIF"
width="132" border="0" name="btnSubmit" onclick="ConfirmVisittype();new Function('return false;');"></a>

or you can disable an ASP.NET Button, in the following way

function fndis()
{
document.getElementById('btnSubmit').onmousedown=function(){};
}

or

function beginRequest(sender, eventArgs)
{
// Get the button
var Button1 = $get('<%=Button1.ClientID %>')
// Set its text to Loading
Button1.value = 'Loading';
// Disable the Button
Button1.disabled = true
}

or

Hope it helps...

SQLServer Find nth lowest salary from Employee

2009-09-01T06:44:00.000-07:00

SELECT TOP 1 salary
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT TOP 8 salary
FROM tblemployee
ORDER BY salary) a
ORDER BY salary DESC

You can change and use it for getting nth highest salary from Employee table as follows

SELECT TOP 1 salary
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT TOP n salary
FROM employee
ORDER BY salary DESC) a
ORDER BY salary

Query to Find the Second/Nth Highest Column Value in a Table

SELECT TOP 1 Salary FROM (SELECT TOP 2 Salary FROM Employee ORDER BY Salary DESC) AS E ORDER BY Salary ASC

Note that if we had to get the fourth highest Salary, we could do so by simply changing the subquery from TOP 2 to TOP 4

Query to Find the Second Lowest Column Value in a Table
SELECT TOP 1 Salary FROM (SELECT TOP 2 Salary FROM Employee ORDER BY Salary ASC) AS E ORDER BY Salary DESC

SQL SERVER – Find Nth Highest Salary of Employee

2009-09-01T05:50:00.000-07:00

SQL SERVER – Find Nth Highest Salary of Employee

The following solution is for getting 6th highest salary from Employee table ,

SELECT TOP 1 salary
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT TOP 6 salary
FROM employee
ORDER BY salary DESC) a
ORDER BY salary

You can change and use it for getting nth highest salary from Employee table as follows

SELECT TOP 1 salary
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT TOP n salary
FROM employee
ORDER BY salary DESC) a
ORDER BY salary

where n > 1 (n is always greater than one)

SQLServer useful SQL Server DateTime functions.

2009-09-01T05:33:00.000-07:00

SQLServer useful SQL Server DateTime functions.

—-Today
SELECT GETDATE() ‘Today’
—-Yesterday
SELECT DATEADD(d,-1,GETDATE()) ‘Yesterday’
—-First Day of Current Week
SELECT DATEADD(wk,DATEDIFF(wk,0,GETDATE()),0) ‘First Day of Current Week’
—-Last Day of Current Week
SELECT DATEADD(wk,DATEDIFF(wk,0,GETDATE()),6) ‘Last Day of Current Week’
—-First Day of Last Week
SELECT DATEADD(wk,DATEDIFF(wk,7,GETDATE()),0) ‘First Day of Last Week’
—-Last Day of Last Week
SELECT DATEADD(wk,DATEDIFF(wk,7,GETDATE()),6) ‘Last Day of Last Week’
—-First Day of Current Month
SELECT DATEADD(mm,DATEDIFF(mm,0,GETDATE()),0) ‘First Day of Current Month’
—-Last Day of Current Month
SELECT DATEADD(ms,- 3,DATEADD(mm,0,DATEADD(mm,DATEDIFF(mm,0,GETDATE())+1,0))) ‘Last Day of Current Month’
—-First Day of Last Month
SELECT DATEADD(mm,-1,DATEADD(mm,DATEDIFF(mm,0,GETDATE()),0)) ‘First Day of Last Month’
—-Last Day of Last Month
SELECT DATEADD(ms,-3,DATEADD(mm,0,DATEADD(mm,DATEDIFF(mm,0,GETDATE()),0))) ‘Last Day of Last Month’
—-First Day of Current Year
SELECT DATEADD(yy,DATEDIFF(yy,0,GETDATE()),0) ‘First Day of Current Year’
—-Last Day of Current Year
SELECT DATEADD(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy,0,DATEADD(yy,DATEDIFF(yy,0,GETDATE())+1,0))) ‘Last Day of Current Year’
—-First Day of Last Year
SELECT DATEADD(yy,-1,DATEADD(yy,DATEDIFF(yy,0,GETDATE()),0)) ‘First Day of Last Year’
—-Last Day of Last Year
SELECT DATEADD(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy,0,DATEADD(yy,DATEDIFF(yy,0,GETDATE()),0))) ‘Last Day of Last Year’

SQL SERVER – Get Time in Hour:Minute Format from a Datetime

SQL Server 2000/2005

SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR(8),GETDATE(),108) AS HourMinuteSecond, CONVERT(VARCHAR(8),GETDATE(),101) AS DateOnly GO

SQL Server 2008

SELECT CONVERT(TIME,GETDATE()) AS HourMinuteSecond, CONVERT(DATE,GETDATE(),101) AS DateOnly GO

SQL SERVER – 2008 – Get Current System Date Time

SELECT GETDATE() AS CurrentDateTime

SELECT 'SYSDATETIME' AS FunctionName, SYSDATETIME() AS DateTimeFormat UNION ALL SELECT 'SYSDATETIMEOFFSET', SYSDATETIMEOFFSET() UNION ALL SELECT 'SYSUTCDATETIME', SYSUTCDATETIME() UNION ALL SELECT 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP', CURRENT_TIMESTAMP UNION ALL SELECT 'GETDATE', GETDATE() UNION ALL SELECT 'GETUTCDATE', GETUTCDATE()

ASP.NET Client IP address, Client Host Name, visitor's browser type etc.

2009-08-25T00:20:00.000-07:00

ASP.NET Client IP address, Client Host Name, visitor's browser type etc.

This example demonstrates how to find out the visitor's browser type, IP address, and more:

<html>
<body>
<p>
<b>You are browsing this site with:</b>
<%Response.Write(Request.ServerVariables("http_user_agent"))%>
</p>
<p>
<b>Your IP address is:</b>
<%Response.Write(Request.ServerVariables("remote_addr"))%>
</p>
<p>
<b>The DNS lookup of the IP address is:</b>
<%Response.Write(Request.ServerVariables("remote_host"))%>
</p>
<p>
<b>The method used to call the page:</b>
<%Response.Write(Request.ServerVariables("request_method"))%>
</p>
<p>
<b>The server's domain name:</b>
<%Response.Write(Request.ServerVariables("server_name"))%>
</p>
<p>
<b>The server's port:</b>
<%Response.Write(Request.ServerVariables("server_port"))%>
</p>
<p>
<b>The server's software:</b>
<%Response.Write(Request.ServerVariables("server_software"))%>
</p>
</body>
</html>

SQL Examples

2009-07-01T23:39:00.000-07:00

http://silvernight.wordpress.com/

DateTime Formats in C#

2009-07-01T23:30:00.000-07:00

DateTime Formats in C#

string appdate = System.DateTime.Now.ToString("M/d/yyyy");
string time=DateTime.Now.ToString("hhmmtt");

string fileName = DateTime.Now.ToShortDateString().Replace("/","-") ;

string appdate=DateTime.ParseExact(txtAppDate.Text, "M/d/yyyy", new System.Globalization.DateTimeFormatInfo()).ToString("M/d/yyyy");

StartDate and Endate of the Month in C# and SQL Server

2009-03-09T13:38:00.000-07:00

StartDate and Endate of the Month in C#

DateTime startDate= new DateTime(DateTime.Now.Year, DateTime.Now.Month, 1);
DateTime endDate = startDate.AddMonths(1).AddDays(-1);

StartDate and Endate of the Month in SQL Server
select convert(nvarchar(8),dateadd(mm, datediff(mm, 0, '3/4/2009'), 0), 112)
select convert(nvarchar(8),dateadd( dd, -1, dateadd( mm, 1, dateadd( dd, -day('2/2/2009')+1, '2/2/2009'))),112)

Example in C#:: To get First day of the Month and Last day of the Month Using C#

DateTime givenDate=DateTime.Parse(TxtAppDate.Text);

int year=givenDate.Year;
int month=givenDate.Month;

DateTime startDate= new DateTime(year, month, 1);
DateTime endDate = startDate.AddMonths(1).AddDays(-1);

while(startDate <= endDate)
{
string appdate=startDate.ToShortDateString();
GetDetails(appdate);
startDate=startDate.AddDays(1);
}

Image resize using GetThumbnailImage Function

2009-01-22T03:07:00.000-08:00

Image resize using .GetThumbnailImage Function

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.IO;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.IO.Compression;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;

public partial class ImageResize : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{

Image thumbnailImage;
Bitmap originalImage;

originalImage = new Bitmap("E:\\Retreat.jpg");
int imgHeight = originalImage.Height;
int imgWidht = originalImage.Width;
string format = Convert.ToString(originalImage.RawFormat);
ImageFormat imageFormat;

switch (format)
{
case ("gif"):
imageFormat = ImageFormat.Gif;
break;
default:
imageFormat = ImageFormat.Jpeg;
format = "jpg";
break;
}

if (imgWidht == 0)
{ imgWidht = 100; }

if (imgHeight == 0)
{ imgHeight = imgWidht; }

string ImageSavePath = "E:\\jj1234.jpg";
thumbnailImage = originalImage.GetThumbnailImage(imgWidht, imgHeight, new System.Drawing.Image.GetThumbnailImageAbort(ThumbnailImageAbortDelegate), IntPtr.Zero);
thumbnailImage.Save(ImageSavePath, imageFormat);
originalImage.Dispose();
}
protected static bool ThumbnailImageAbortDelegate() { return false; }
}

ASP.NET Resize images proportionately

2009-01-22T01:35:00.000-08:00

ASP.NET Resize images proportionately

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Collections;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
using System.IO;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.IO.Compression;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;

public partial class ImageResize : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string ImageSavePath = "E:\\jj1.jpg";
string BasePath = Server.MapPath(".");
Bitmap Img, ImgTemp;

ImgTemp = new Bitmap("E:\\Retreat.jpg");
int imgHeight = ImgTemp.Height;
int imgWidht = ImgTemp.Width;

Img = new Bitmap(ImgTemp,imgWidht*40/100, imgHeight*30/100);
Img.Save(ImageSavePath, ImageFormat.Jpeg);

ImgTemp.Dispose();
Img.Dispose();

//Graphics Graph;
//Graph = Graphics.FromImage(Img);
//Graph.DrawImage(Img, 100, 100);

}
}

ASP.NET C# Using Session variables in a class files .cs app_code

2009-01-12T05:27:00.000-08:00

ASP.NET C# Using Session variables in a class files .cs app_code

Use HttpContext.Current.Session

VB.NET

HttpContext.Current.Session("Value1") = "1"

HttpContext.Current.Session["Value1"] = "1";

HttpSession session = HttpContext.Current.Session;

session["key"] = "test";

HttpSession doesn't exist , i think we must use HttpSessionState

System.Web.SessionState.HttpSessionState session = HttpContext.Current.Session;

session["key"] = "test";

More on Session :: http://www.syncfusion.com/faq/aspnet/web_c9c.aspx#q179q

ASP.NET: Calendar Control DayRender

2009-01-01T20:22:00.000-08:00

ASP.NET: Calendar Control DayRender Sample Code
Method 1

Method 2Code Sample:

.cs page

DataSet ds = new DataSet();
protected void Page_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
OleDbConnection myConnection = new OleDbConnection(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["DBConnStr"]);
string sql = "select eventid,eventdt,title1 from calendar";
OleDbDataAdapter da = new OleDbDataAdapter(sql, myConnection);
da.Fill(ds, "events");
}
protected void eventscalendar_DayRender(Object Src, DayRenderEventArgs E)
{
int i = 0;
StringBuilder strEvents = new StringBuilder();
strEvents.Append("");
foreach (DataRow row in ds.Tables["events"].Rows)
{
DateTime eventdate = (DateTime)row["eventdt"];
if (eventdate.Equals(E.Day.Date))
{
i++;
strEvents.Append("
" + row["title1"]);
strEvents.Append("");
}
}
if (i > 0)
{
if (E.Day.Date != DateTime.Now.Date)
{
E.Cell.BackColor = Color.AliceBlue;
}
// strEvents.Append("
Events: " + i + "");
}
E.Cell.Controls.Add(new LiteralControl(strEvents.ToString()));
}

protected void eventcalendar_SelectionChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DataSet ds1 = new DataSet();
DateTime dt = eventcalendar.SelectedDate.Date;
OleDbConnection myConnection = new OleDbConnection(ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["DBConnStr"]);
string sql = "select starttime,endtime,title1,description from calendar where eventdt='" + dt + "'";

OleDbDataAdapter da = new OleDbDataAdapter(sql, myConnection);
da.Fill(ds1, "events");
GridView1.DataSource = ds1;
GridView1.DataBind();
}

.aspx page:
<asp:calendar id="eventcalendar" TitleStyle-BackColor="#d18c25" NextPrevStyle-ForeColor="#ffffff" TitleStyle-Height="30px" ShowGridLines="true" runat="server" backcolor="white"
width="400px" height="400px" font-size="12px"
nextprevformat="ShortMonth" daynameformat="FirstTwoLetters"
firstdayofweek="Sunday" OnDayRender="eventscalendar_DayRender" OnSelectionChanged="eventcalendar_SelectionChanged">
<DayStyle Font-Names="TimesRoman" />
<SelectedDayStyle Font-Names="TimesRoman" Height="20px" Width="20px" Font-Size="11px" ForeColor="#680000" BackColor="#fff0ad" />
<titlestyle Font-Names="TimesRoman" ForeColor="#680000" font-size="20px" font-bold="true" borderwidth="2px" />
<dayheaderstyle Font-Names="TimesRoman" font-size="12px" font-bold="true" />
<todaydaystyle Font-Names="TimesRoman" backcolor="#fff282" forecolor="#680000" />
<WeekendDayStyle Font-Names="TimesRoman" BackColor="#fafad2" ForeColor="#ff0000" />

<othermonthdaystyle Font-Names="TimesRoman" forecolor="#cccccc" />
</asp:calendar>

ASP.Net Paths

2009-01-01T20:01:00.000-08:00

Here's a list of the Path related properties on the Request object (and the Page object):

Request Property

Function and Example

ApplicationPath

Returns the a Web server relative path to your application root

/WestwindWebStore/

PhysicalApplicationPath

Returns a local file system path to your application root

D:\inetpub\wwwroot\WestWindWebStore\

PhysicalPath

Returns the full file system path to the currently executing script

D:\inetpub\wwwroot\WestWindWebStore\Item.aspx

CurrentExecutionFilePath

FilePath

Path

In most situations all of these return the virtual path to the currently executing script relative to the Web Server root.

/WestwindWebStore/item.aspx

PathInfo

Returns any extra path following the script name. Rarely used – this value is usually blank.

/WestwindWebStore/item.aspx/ExtraPathInfo

RawUrl

Returns the application relative URL including querystring or pathinfo

/WestwindWebStore/item.aspx?sku=WWHELP30

Url

Returns the fully qualified URL including domain and protocol

http://www.west-wind.com/Webstore/item.aspx?sku=WWHELP30

Page.TemplateSourceDirectory

Control.TemplateSourceDirectory

Returns the virtual path of the currently executing control (or page). Very useful if you need to know the location of your ASCX control instead of the location of the page.

/WestwindWebStore/admin

for more info. http://www.west-wind.com/weblog/posts/269.aspx

ASP.NET, C# UrlRewriting - PathInfo

2009-01-01T03:04:00.000-08:00

ASP.NET, C# UrlRewriting - PathInfo

Change your URLs from
http://mysite.com/items.aspx?id=20&pname=TV
http://mysite.com/items.aspx?id=21&pname=DVD
http://mysite.com/items.aspx?id=22&pname=LCD ...
to
http://mysite.com/items.aspx/20/TV
http://mysite.com/items.aspx/21/DVD
http://mysite.com/items.aspx/22/LCD ...

How?

its simple

in Page1.aspx
<ul>
<li><a href="http://mysite.com/items.aspx/20/TV">TV</a></li>
<li><a href="http://mysite.com/items.aspx/21/DVD">DVD</a><
<li><a href="http://mysite.com/items.aspx/22/LCD">LCD</a></li>
</ul>

in items.aspx page
place this code

if (Request.PathInfo.Length == 0)
{ b1 = ""; b2 = ""; }
else
{
string pathinfo;
pathinfo = Request.PathInfo.Substring(1);

b1 = pathinfo.TrimEnd('/').Split('/')[0].ToString();
b2 = pathinfo.TrimEnd('/').Split('/')[1].ToString();
}

Use this kind of urls for beater search engine ranking. hope it helps ................. ;)

more info...
http://sharpertutorials.com/clean-url-structure-in-aspnet/

ASP.NET Regular Expression For Replacing Invalid Characters

2008-12-22T03:29:00.001-08:00

ASP.NET Regular Expression For Replacing Invalid Characters

Method 1
Names = Regex.Replace(txtName.Text, "[^A-Za-z0-9]+", "");

Method 2
Names = Regex.Replace(txtName.Text, "[\w", "");

These Regular Expressions can be used for Replacing Invalid Characters in a string.

SQL Querys examples Date-Time Difference

2008-12-22T03:20:00.000-08:00

SQL Query examples Date-Time Difference

SQL example 1:
select checkindate, isnull(sum(lessthan2), 0) as lessthan2, isnull(sum(Gt2Lt5), 0) as Gt2Lt5, isnull(sum(Gt5Lt10), 0) as Gt5Lt10, isnull(sum(Gt10Lt15), 0) as Gt10Lt15, isnull(sum(Gt15), 0) as Gt15, sum(mins),sum(mins)/(isnull(sum(lessthan2), 0)+isnull(sum(Gt2Lt5), 0)+isnull(sum(Gt5Lt10), 0)+isnull(sum(Gt10Lt15), 0)+isnull(sum(Gt15), 0)) as Mins
from
(
select checkindate, mins,
'lessthan2'=
CASE
WHEN mins >= 0 and mins <>= 2 and mins <>= 5 and mins <>= 10 and mins <>= 15 THEN gt15+1
END

from
(
select lt2=0,lt5=0,lt10=0,lt15=0,gt15=0,checkindate,mins = cast(replace(datediff(mi,logintime,checkintime)%60,'-','') as Int) from tblactivity where (logintime<>'' and checkintime<>'' and checkindate between cast('01/01/2006' as datetime) and cast('07/01/2006' as datetime))
)a

)b group by checkindate

SQL example 2: Time difference calculation

select cast(datediff(mi,'11:00 AM','7:10 PM')/60 as varchar(10))+':'+cast(datediff(mi,'11:00 AM','7:10 PM')%60 as varchar(10))+':00'

SQL example 3: Time difference calculation
select CT,ST,
Mins =cast(replace(datediff(mi,CT,ST)%60,'-','') as varchar(10)),'Hours'=

CASE
WHEN cast(replace(datediff(mi,CT,ST)/60,'-','')as int) < st="substring(flags,charindex('calledforservicetime_flag'," ct="checkintime">''

More SQL Server Examples @: http://silvernight.wordpress.com/

Calling Javascript from C#, Calling Javascript from Codebehind ASP.NET

2008-11-05T06:18:00.000-08:00

Calling Javascript from C#, Calling Javascript from Codebehind

We can use the following two methods to access Java Script from C#
Page.ClientScript.RegisterStartupScript() Method
Page.ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptBlock() Method

Eg:

string script = "< LANGUAGE='JavaScript'> ";
script += "ApptConfirm()";
script += "</SCRIPT>";

// We use RegisterStartupScript, so that this script is executed after all form elements are rendered.
Page.RegisterStartupScript("ClientScript", script);

loading csv file to SQL Server

2008-11-03T04:31:00.000-08:00

loading csv file to SQL Server

CREATE TABLE CSVTest
(FirstName VARCHAR(40),
No1 INT,No2 INT,No3 INT,No4 INT)
GO

select * from CSVTest

BULK
INSERT CSVTest
FROM 'd:\Tesing.csv'
WITH
(
FIELDTERMINATOR = ',',
ROWTERMINATOR = '\n'
)
GO

select * from CSVTest

If there is a error in a particular row that row will not be added.
rest of the rows will be loaded into sql server.

.csv file
vijay,20,19999,90000,8
Jagadeesh,9,111,60000,9

Using JavaScript to Display messages in ASP.NET pages

2008-10-21T04:14:00.000-07:00

function setmessage()
{
if(language=='english'){
document.getElementById('header1').innerHTML="No Records found.";
document.getElementById('span1').innerHTML="We are unable to find
your records.";

}
else{
document.getElementById('header1').innerHTML="No Records found.";
document.getElementById('span1').innerHTML="We are unable to find
your records.";
}

}

.aspx pages

<table style="width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="Table1">
<tr align="center">
<td id="header1">

</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td id="span1">

</td>
</tr>
</table>

Using Session Variables in JavaScript - ASP.NET, C#

2008-10-21T04:04:00.000-07:00

Using Session Variables in JavaScript - ASP.NET, C#

var apptMultiple ='<%= Session["multipleAppointments"]%>';

function SetRelationOnForm(){
var relation = '<%=Session["consentrelationshipToPatient"] %>';
var isPat = '<%=Session["consentSelIsPatient"] %>';
var isPatRep = '<%=Session["consentIsPatientRepresentative"] %>';
}

Getting Client Host name using Java Script/C#

2008-07-11T01:24:00.000-07:00

Getting Client Host name using Java Script

function GetComputerName()
{
try
{
var WshNetwork = new ActiveXObject("WScript.Network");
var hostname = WshNetwork.ComputerName.toLowerCase(); document.getElementById('HdnMachineId').value = hostname;
}
catch(err)
{ }
}

Getting Client Host name using C#

private string getClientHostName()
{
// Get HostName of client computer
string hostname = HttpContext.Current.Request.ServerVariables["REMOTE_HOST"].ToString().ToLower();
try
{
System.Net.IPHostEntry host = System.Net.Dns.GetHostByAddress(hostname);
hostname = host.HostName;
}
catch(Exception exp)
{

}
return hostname;
}

Previewing image while opening ASP.NET

2008-06-26T07:40:00.000-07:00

Previewing image while opening

We can use the following code to preview an image while opening it using ASP.NET, C#, Java script.

<SCRIPT>
var lastfieldname = ''
function preview(i)
{
var file = i.value
if (file.length<=0) return;
var ipreview = document.all('ipreview')
ipreview.src ='file://' + file
}
img id="ipreview" border="1" height="120" src="images/spacer.gif" /><br />
adjust image:
<input id="fotofp" runat="server" name="file1" onchange="preview(this)" onfocus="preview(this)" size="25" type="file" />

Firefox 3.0 Sets Guinness World Record for Most Software Downloaded in 24 Hours

2008-06-17T07:42:00.000-07:00

Firefox 3.0 Sets Guinness World Record for Most Software Downloaded in 24 Hours

Today 17 June, 2008 the most popular web browser Firefox Version 3 is released.

At present Firefox share in web browsing is 15% of Internet users. The release of Firefox 3.0 would further boost its market share.

New features in Firefox Version 3 include automatic warnings when users stray onto webpages booby-trapped with malicious code.

Also in Firefox 3.0 will be "Smart Location Bar" that lets people return to places they have visited even if they have not bookmarked them or cannot remember the full web address.

Firefox 3.0 will work with Windows 2000, XP and Vista and some non-Windows operating systems including Linux.

Download Firefox 3.0 Now http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/
or here
http://www.spreadfirefox.com/en-US/worldrecord

The count down started ;)

AccessDataSource UpdateCommand Gridview Asp.Net AccessDatabase

2008-06-17T06:30:00.000-07:00

Updating Access Database using Asp.Net Gridview - AccessDataSource, UpdateCommand

We can use the following code to update Access Database using Asp.Net Gridview...

<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False" CellPadding="4"
DataKeyNames="ID" DataSourceID="AccessDataSource1" AutoGenerateDeleteButton="true" AutoGenerateEditButton="true" ForeColor="#333333" GridLines="None">
<FooterStyle BackColor="#990000" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" />
<Columns>
<asp:BoundField DataField="ID" HeaderText="ID" InsertVisible="False" ReadOnly="True"
SortExpression="ID" />
<asp:BoundField DataField="Country" HeaderText="Country" SortExpression="Country" />
</Columns>
<RowStyle BackColor="#FFFBD6" ForeColor="#333333" />
<SelectedRowStyle BackColor="#FFCC66" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="Navy" />
<PagerStyle BackColor="#FFCC66" ForeColor="#333333" HorizontalAlign="Center" />
<HeaderStyle BackColor="#990000" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" />
<AlternatingRowStyle BackColor="White" />
</asp:GridView>
<asp:AccessDataSource ID="AccessDataSource1" runat="server" DataFile="~/App_Data/mReachTV_DB.mdb"
SelectCommand="SELECT [ID], [Country] FROM [TV_Streams]"
UpdateCommand="UPDATE [TV_Streams] SET [Country] = @Country WHERE [ID] = @ID">
</asp:AccessDataSource>

Is it Looking similar to the code you had written??

Thats where the trick is... The number of parameters in Select and Update command should be equal.

Message Boxes, Popup in ASP.NET

2008-06-09T06:57:00.000-07:00

Displaying Message Boxes, Popup in ASP.NET using Java Script

The following code samples can be used to display message boxes in ASP.NET webpages.

mes = chpwd.updat(txtrpwd.Text, txtuname.Text);
if (mes)
{

string script = "alert('New Password is Created');\n";
script += "var f='" + Session["flag"].ToString() + "';\n";
script += "if (f == 'L')\n";
script += "location.href='loginpage.aspx';\n";

Page.ClientScript.RegisterStartupScript(GetType(), "msgbox", script, true);
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Response.Write("<script>alert('New Password is created')</script>");
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if (mes)

{
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.Append("<script type='text/javascript'>");
sb.Append("alert('New Password is Create');");

if (Session["flag"].ToString() == "L")
{
sb.Append("window.location = 'loginpage.aspx';");
}

sb.Append("");

Page.RegisterClientScriptBlock("mes", sb.ToString());
}

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Page.ClientScript.RegisterStartupScript(this.GetType(), "myAlertBox", "alert('New Password is Created'); window.location = 'loginpage.aspx';", true);

ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptBlock(this.GetType(), "myAlertBox", "alert('New Password is Created'); window.location = 'loginpage.aspx';", true);

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

For POP Ups:

We can use Javascript function window.Open or target="_blank" for popups.

If we want to open a popup in form another popup window? we can use Java script function window.location.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Another Method to Display Message boxes in ASP.NET

protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

string script = "alert('Are U sure? ');";

System.Web.UI.ScriptManager.RegisterClientScriptBlock(this, this.GetType(), "Test", script, true);

}

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Another Method to Display Message boxes in ASP.NET

<asp:Button ID="button1" OnClientClick="return confirm('Are you sure?');" runat="server" />

or

<asp:LinkButton
ID="ibtnDelete"
runat="server"
Text="Delete"
CommandName="Delete"
OnClientClick="javascript:return confirm('Are you sure you want to delete this class?');">
</asp:LinkButton>

Restricting File Upload size using ASP.NET C#

2008-06-09T06:38:00.000-07:00

We can use the following code to restrict the File upload size using Asp.Net, C#.

We can set the maximum upload limit for the file, using maxRequestLength in web.config of your ASP.NET web application.

Here is the sample code for this...

protected void btnUpload_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
string fileName = FileSelector.PostedFile.FileName;
int fN = fileName.LastIndexOf("\\");
string newFileName = fileName.Substring(fN).ToLower();

if (newFileName.EndsWith(".m4v") || newFileName.EndsWith(".mp3") || newFileName.EndsWith(".mp4") || newFileName.EndsWith(".mov"))
{
if (this.FileSelector.PostedFile.ContentLength < 210000)
{
FileSelector.PostedFile.SaveAs(
Server.MapPath("../audioFiles/") + newFileName);

lblWarn.Text = "File uploaded";
lblWarn.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Green;
lblWarn.Visible = true;
}
else
{
lblWarn.Text = "File cannot exceed 350MB";
lblWarn.Visible = true;
lblWarn.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red;
}
}
else
{
lblWarn.Text = "Only extensions .m4v, .mp4, mp3, or .mov";
lblWarn.Visible = true;
lblWarn.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red;
}
}

Also default upload limit is 4MB in asp.net. You can change this value in ur web.config file.

Include this in your webconfig file in the system.web section

You can also use FileUpload1.PostedFile.ContentLength to calculate the length of the file after it is uploaded to server.

Image size, type Upload Validation

2008-06-09T06:26:00.000-07:00

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string fileFullname = this.File1.PostedFile.FileName;

if (File1.PostedFile.ContentType.ToUpper().IndexOf("IMAGE") > -1)
{
System.Drawing.Image img = System.Drawing.Image.FromStream(File1.PostedFile.InputStream);
int Width = img.Width;
int Height = img.Height;

if (Width > 200 || Height > 200 || File1.PostedFile.ContentLength > 1024 * 1024 * 200)
{
Response.Write("<script language='javascript'>alert('your image don not confirm the with and height.!');</script>");
}
else
{
if (type == "jpg" || type == "gif" || type == "bmp" || type == "JPG" || type == "GIF")
{

string sPath = Server.MapPath("images/") + dataName + fileName;

string imgPath = "pic/" + dataName + fileName;

this.File1.PostedFile.SaveAs(sPath);

Response.Write("<script language='javascript'>alert('suceed!!!');</script>");

this.Image1.ImageUrl = imgPath;

this.Button1.Enabled = false;
this.Button1.Text = "suceed!";
this.Button1.Enabled = true;

}
else
{
Response.Write("<script language='javascript'>alert('your file type wrong!');</script>");
}
}
}
else
{

Response.Write("<script language='javascript'>alert('please choice the image to upload!');</script>");
}
}

Validations::
We can also use RegularExpressionValidator to validate the file (extensions) which you are uploading. The RE will look like this ^(([a-zA-Z]:)|(\\{2}\w+)\$?)(\\(\w[\w].*))(.jpg|.JPG)$

and now you have to set RequiredFieldValidator for fileUpload. It stops you from proceeding further if you do not upload a file.

Getting Geographic Location(country) of internet user ASP.NET C#

2008-06-09T04:56:00.000-07:00

Here is a FREE web service that will give you Country information from IP address.
http://www.webservicex.net/WS/WSDetails.aspx?WSID=64&CATID=12

But if you want to pay and get more featured service, then you may check here
http://www.ip2country.net/ip2country/lookup.html
This website does not sell Web Service, rather they sell lookup DataBase. You will need to purchase a database from them and then use your ASP.NET look up query to get county information.

Getting Client IP address using ASP.NET C#

2008-06-09T04:52:00.000-07:00

You can use the following three ways to get the client IP address using C#

string test = Request.UserHostAddress.ToString();
string test2 = Request.ServerVariables["REMOTE_ADDR"].ToString();
string test3 = Context.Request.UserHostAddress.ToString();

All are returning the same values...

Some times client can mask their IP behind a router/nat and it's spoofable.

Menu Control (Tab View) Placing TabContainer inside another TabContainer

2008-06-06T06:42:00.000-07:00

   <form id="form1" runat="server">

    <asp:Menu

        ID="Menu1"

        Width="168px"

        runat="server"

        Orientation="Horizontal"

        StaticEnableDefaultPopOutImage="False"

        OnMenuItemClick="Menu1_MenuItemClick">

    <Items>

        <asp:MenuItem ImageUrl="~/selectedtab.gif"

                      Text=" " Value="0"></asp:MenuItem>

        <asp:MenuItem ImageUrl="~/unselectedtab.gif"

                      Text=" " Value="1"></asp:MenuItem>

        <asp:MenuItem ImageUrl="~/unselectedtab.gif"

                      Text=" " Value="2"></asp:MenuItem>

    </Items>

</asp:Menu>

    <div><PRE lang=html id=pre1 style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px" nd="35">

<asp:MultiView

    ID="MultiView1"

    runat="server"

    ActiveViewIndex="0"  ><asp:View ID="Tab1" runat="server"  ><table width="600" height="400" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"><td class="TabArea" style="width: 600px"><br /><br />TAB VIEW 1 INSERT YOUR CONENT IN HERE CHANGE SELECTED IMAGE URL AS NECESSARY </td></tr></table></asp:View> <asp:View ID="Tab2" runat="server">

        <table width="600px" height="400px" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>

            <tr valign="top">

                <td class="TabArea" style="width: 600px">

                <br />

                <br />

                    TAB VIEW 2

                    INSERT YOUR CONENT IN HERE

                    CHANGE SELECTED IMAGE URL AS NECESSARY

                </td>

            </tr>

        </table>

    </asp:View> <asp:View ID="Tab3" runat="server">

        <table width="600px" height="400px" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>

            <tr valign="top">

                <td class="TabArea" style="width: 600px">

                <br />

                <br />

        <asp:Menu

        ID="Menu2"

        Width="168px"

        runat="server"

        Orientation="Horizontal"

        StaticEnableDefaultPopOutImage="False"

        OnMenuItemClick="Menu2_MenuItemClick">

    <Items>

        <asp:MenuItem ImageUrl="~/selectedtab.gif"

                      Text=" " Value="0"></asp:MenuItem>

        <asp:MenuItem ImageUrl="~/unselectedtab.gif"

                      Text=" " Value="1"></asp:MenuItem>

        <asp:MenuItem ImageUrl="~/unselectedtab.gif"

                      Text=" " Value="2"></asp:MenuItem>

    </Items>

</asp:Menu>

    <div><PRE lang=html id=pre2 style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px" nd="35"><asp:MultiView

    ID="MultiView2"

    runat="server"

    ActiveViewIndex="0"  >

   <asp:View ID="View1" runat="server"  >

        <table width="600" height="400" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>

            <tr valign="top">

                <td class="TabArea" style="width: 600px">

                    <br />

                    <br />

                    TAB VIEW 1

                    INSERT YOUR CONENT IN HERE

                    CHANGE SELECTED IMAGE URL AS NECESSARY

                </td>

            </tr>

        </table>

     </asp:View>

    <asp:View ID="View2" runat="server">

        <table width="600px" height="400px" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>

            <tr valign="top">

                <td class="TabArea" style="width: 600px">

                <br />

                <br />

                    TAB VIEW 2

                    INSERT YOUR CONENT IN HERE

                    CHANGE SELECTED IMAGE URL AS NECESSARY

                </td>

            </tr>

        </table>

    </asp:View>

    <asp:View ID="View3" runat="server">

        <table width="600px" height="400px" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>

            <tr valign="top">

                <td class="TabArea" style="width: 600px">

                <br />

                <br />

                  TAB VIEW 3

                  INSERT YOUR CONENT IN HERE

                  CHANGE SELECTED IMAGE URL AS NECESSARY

                </td>

            </tr>

        </table>

    </asp:View>

</asp:MultiView>

 </td>

            </tr>

        </table>

    </asp:View></asp:MultiView></PRE></div>

    </form>

In C#

    protected void Menu1_MenuItemClick(object sender, MenuEventArgs e)

        MultiView1.ActiveViewIndex = Int32.Parse(e.Item.Value);

        int i;

        // Make the selected menu item reflect the correct imageurl

        for (i = 0; (i <= (Menu1.Items.Count - 1)); i++)

            if (e.Item.Value.Equals(i+""))

                Menu1.Items[i].ImageUrl = "selectedtab.gif";

            else

                Menu1.Items[i].ImageUrl = "unselectedtab.gif";

    protected void Menu2_MenuItemClick(object sender, MenuEventArgs e)

        MultiView2.ActiveViewIndex = Int32.Parse(e.Item.Value);

        int i;

        // Make the selected menu item reflect the correct imageurl

        for (i = 0; (i <= (Menu1.Items.Count - 1)); i++)

            if (e.Item.Value.Equals(i + ""))

                Menu2.Items[i].ImageUrl = "selectedtab.gif";

            else

                Menu2.Items[i].ImageUrl = "unselectedtab.gif";

Crystal Reports asks for Username and Password while loading - ASP.NET 2.0

2008-06-06T06:37:00.000-07:00

Here is the code for that in VB.NET:

On the page load or button click or whatever you want to run the report on you need to add the following: configureCRYSTALREPORT()

Private Sub configureCRYSTALREPORT()
 Dim myConnectionInfo As New ConnectionInfo()
 myConnectionInfo.DatabaseName = "DatabserName"
 myConnectionInfo.UserID = "UID"
 myConnectionInfo.Password = "PWD"
 setDBLOGONforREPORT(myConnectionInfo)
End Sub

Private Sub setDBLOGONforREPORT(ByVal myconnectioninfo As ConnectionInfo)
 Dim mytableloginfos As New TableLogOnInfos()
 mytableloginfos = CrystalReportViewer1.LogOnInfo
 For Each myTableLogOnInfo As TableLogOnInfo In mytableloginfos
  myTableLogOnInfo.ConnectionInfo = myconnectioninfo
 Next

End Sub

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Here is the code for that in C#:

private void setDBLOGONforREPORT(ConnectionInfo myconnectioninfo)
{
TableLogOnInfos mytableloginfos = new TableLogOnInfos();
mytableloginfos = CrystalReportViewer1.LogOnInfo;
foreach (TableLogOnInfo myTableLogOnInfo in mytableloginfos)
{
myTableLogOnInfo.ConnectionInfo = myconnectioninfo;
}

}

In Page Load....
ConnectionInfo myConnectionInfo = new ConnectionInfo();
myConnectionInfo.ServerName = "serverName";
myConnectionInfo.DatabaseName = "DatabaseName";
myConnectionInfo.UserID = "sa";
myConnectionInfo.Password = "pwd";
setDBLOGONforREPORT(myConnectionInfo);

Go back to previous page without Loosing Data ASP.NET

2008-06-06T06:33:00.000-07:00

We can use client-side script (JS) for this purpose...

<input type="button" value="Click here to go back" onclick="javascript: return history.back();" />

<input type="button" value="Click here to go back" onclick="javascript: return history.go(-1);" />

javascript: return history.go(-1);

or

http://www.aspdotnetfaq.com/Faq/How-to-make-Cross-Page-Postback-in-ASP-Net.aspx

Useing HTML tags in C# or VB.Net codebehind

2008-06-06T05:44:00.000-07:00

Its simple to use HTML tags in Code behind and display in ASP.NET web pages....

Method 1:

in .cs page

string t = txtBody.Text;
MyEmailBody.InnerHtml = Server.HtmlDecode(t);

in .aspx page

It may some times require to change the ValidateRequest="false".

Method 2:

we can use Literal controls, to view HTML tags in .aspx pages from code behind.

in . aspx page

<asp:Literal runat="server"></asp:Literal>

in .cs page

this.Controls.Add(new LiteralControl("<b>This is Bold</b>"));

Hope this helps you in using HTML tags in codebehind.

Sending HTML Emails using ASP.NET, C# with embedded images

2008-06-06T05:36:00.000-07:00

Today I found these useful links that helps us to embed the images in the HTML emails we are sending using ASP.NET & C#.

Simple HTML Format emails::

private void SendClick() {
MailMessage mailMsg = new MailMessage();
try {
mailMsg.To = "";
mailMsg.From = "";
mailMsg.BodyFormat = MailFormat.Html;
mailMsg.Subject = "Statistics Report";
mailMsg.Body ="content";
SmtpMail.SmtpServer ="serverHost";
SmtpMail.Send(mailMsg);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
Response.Write(ex.Message);
}
}

You can download the example code of sending HTML emails using ASP.NET here...

http://www.asp101.com/Samples/email_html_aspx.asp

http://download.microsoft.com/download/d/f/c/dfc7a022-3426-4868-b23c-3818a6e54305/HtmlEmail.zip

Links to Embed Images in HTML Emails Using ASP.NET & C#

To have a basic idea of mailing with an embedded image or object from ASP.NET 2.0 using SMTP Client. You can visit the following links...

http://aspalliance.com/1354_Sending_HTML_Mail_with_Embedded_Image_in_NET.8

http://www.codeproject.com/kb/IP/EmailByjebarson.aspx

http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/inkrajesh.aspx

Sending emails using ASP.NET, C# or VB.NET

2008-06-06T05:25:00.000-07:00

For sending mails from asp.net, C# Using System.Web.Mail name space.

using System.Web.Mail;
public static string SendMail(int pintUserID, string pstrMailTo, string pstrMailBcc,string pstrMailCc,string pstrMailSubject,string pstrMailBody,string pstrAttachFilePath)
{

try

{
MailMessage objMail = new MailMessage();
objMail.From = System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["FromEmailID"];

//objMail.From =System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Session["OfficeEmailID"].ToString() ;

objMail.To = pstrMailTo;

objMail.Bcc = pstrMailBcc;

objMail.Cc = pstrMailCc;

objMail.Subject = pstrMailSubject;
MailAttachment Attachment = null;if (File.Exists(pstrAttachFilePath))
{
Attachment = new MailAttachment(pstrAttachFilePath);
}

objMail.Attachments.Add(Attachment);

SmtpMail.SmtpServer = "localhost";//System.Configuration.ConfigurationSettings.AppSettings["SMTPServerIP"];
SmtpMail.Send(objMail);return "TRUE";
}
catch(Exception Ex)
{
return Ex.Message;
}

}
In Config file

<add key="SMTPServerIP" value="192.168.1.11"> </add>

Call this function SendMail & enable your system SMTP server.
Useful links for sending email
http://www.asp101.com/Samples/email_html_aspx.asp

http://download.microsoft.com/download/d/f/c/dfc7a022-3426-4868-b23c-3818a6e54305/HtmlEmail.zip
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/Email_Sending_Programme.aspx

http://www.codersource.net/csharp_sending_emails.aspx

How to Embed Flash, Videos in ASP.Net web pages

2008-06-06T00:39:00.000-07:00

To embed flash and videos we can use simple HTML embed tag for this purpose.

For example.

<embed src="images/flash02.swf" quality="high" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="775" height="24" name="flash" align="middle" allowScriptAccess="sameDomain" allowFullScreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" />

enables us to display flash files in Asp.net web pages.

Using JavaScript to display flash in Webpages.

1. <script type="text/javascript" src="FlashSwfObject.js"></script>

Use div tag where you want to display the SWF, use a unique id:


<div id="flashbanner">Your SWF will display here!!.</div>

We can instantiate the FlashSwfObject using below code.


<script type="text/javascript">
 var so = new SWFObject('MyMedia.swf','mpl','300','250','7');
 so.addParam('allowfullscreen','true');
 so.addVariable('file','playlist.xml');
 so.addVariable('backcolor','0x000000');
 so.addVariable('autostart','true');
 so.write('flashbanner');
</script>

Image Resize using ASP.NET C# and displaying as Thumbnails dynamically

2008-06-06T00:25:00.000-07:00

The following code helps us to Resize images and display them as thumbnails dynamically using ASP.NET C#.

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string BasePath = Server.MapPath(".");
Bitmap Img, ImgTemp;

ImgTemp = new Bitmap(BasePath + "\\images\\Balaji.jpg");
Img = new Bitmap(ImgTemp, 200, 300);

Graphics Graph;
Graph = Graphics.FromImage(Img);

Img.Save(Response.OutputStream, ImageFormat.Jpeg);
Graph.DrawImage(Img, 0, 0);

ImgTemp.Dispose();

Img.Dispose();
}

This function helps us to set the height and width of the new image Bitmap(ImgTemp, 200, 300);

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 14

2008-04-01T01:18:00.000-07:00

Localization/Globalization

What is Unicode and why was it introduced?
Does .NET support UNICODE and how do you know it supports?
What’s the difference between localization and globalization?
What architecture decisions you should consider while planning for international software’s?
How do we get the current culture of the environment in windows and ASP.NET?
Which are the important namespaces during localization and globalization?
What are resource files and how do we generate resource files?
Can resource file be in any other format other than resx extensions?
How is resource files actually used in project?
How can we use Culture Auto in project?
What are satellite assemblies?
How do we generate Satellite assemblies?
What is AL.EXE and RESGEN.EXE?
What’s the use of resource manager class?
What precautions do we need to take while deploying satellite assemblies?
Can we get a strongly typed resource class rather than using resource manager?
Explain fundamentals of “GetGlobalResourceObject” and “GetLocalResourceObject” functions?
Can we sign a satellite assembly?
Can you explain collation sequence in sql server?
How do we define collation sequence for database and tables?
Can we change the order in a select query with a specified collation sequence?
What are the best practices to be followed while implementing globalization and localization?
Why is the culture set to the current thread?

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 13

2008-04-01T01:17:00.000-07:00

XML

What is XML?
What is the version information in XML?
What is ROOT element in XML?
If XML does not have closing tag will it work?
Is XML case sensitive?
What’s the difference between XML and HTML?
Is XML meant to replace HTML?
Can you explain why your project needed XML?
What is DTD (Document Type definition)?
What is well formed XML?
What is a valid XML?
What is CDATA section in XML?
What is CSS?
What is XSL?
What is Element and attributes in XML?
Which are the namespaces in .NET used for XML?
What are the standard ways of parsing XML document?
In What scenarios will you use a DOM parser and SAX parser?
How was XML handled during COM times?
What’s the main difference between MSML and .NET Framework XML classes?
What are the core functionalities in XML .NET framework? Can you explain in detail
those functionalities?
What is XSLT?
Define XPATH?
What’s the concept of XPOINTER?
What is an XMLReader Class?
What is XMLTextReader?
How do we access attributes using “XmlReader”?
Explain simple Walk through of XmlReader ?
What does XmlValidatingReader class do?

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 12

2008-04-01T01:16:00.000-07:00

Project Management

What is project management?
Is spending in IT project’s constant through out the project?
Who is a stakeholder ?
Can you explain project life cycle ?
Twist :- How many phases are there in software project ?
Are risk constant through out the project ?
Can you explain different software development life cycles ?
What is triple constraint triangle in project management ?
What is a project baselines ?
What is effort variance?
How is normally a project management plan document organized ?
How do you estimate a project?
What is CAR (Causal Analysis and Resolution)?
What is DAR (Decision Analysis and Resolution)?
What is a fish bone diagram ?
Twist:- What is Ishikawa diagram ?
What is pareto principle ?
Twist :- What is 80/20 principle ?
How do you handle change request?
What is internal change request?
What is difference between SITP and UTP in testing ?
What are the software you have used for project management?
What are the metrics followed in project management?
Twist: - What metrics will you look at in order to see the project is moving successfully?
You have people in your team who do not meet there deadlines or do not perform what are the actions you will take ?
Twist :- Two of your resources have conflict’s between them how would you sort it out ?
What is black box testing and White box testing?
What’s the difference between Unit Testing, Assembly Testing and Regression testing?
What is V model in testing?
How do you start a project?
How did you do resource allocations?
How do you do code reviews ?
What is CMMI?
What are the five levels in CMMI?
What is continuous and staged representation?
Can you explain the process areas?
What is SIX sigma?
What is DMAIC and DMADV ?
What are the various roles in Six Sigma implementation?
What are function points?
Twist: - Define Elementary process in FPA?
What are different types of elementary process in FPA?
What are the different elements in Functions points?
Can you explain in GSC and VAF in function points?
What are unadjusted function points and how is it calculated?
Can you explain steps in function points?
What is the FP per day in your current company?
Twist :- What is your company’s productivity factor ?
Do you know Use Case points?
What is COCOMO I, COCOMOII and COCOMOIII?
What is SMC approach of estimation?
How do you estimate maintenance project and change requests?

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 11

2008-04-01T01:14:00.000-07:00

UML

What is UML?
How many types of diagrams are there in UML ?
Twist :- Explain in short all types of diagrams in UML ?
What are advantages of using UML?
Twist: - What is Modeling and why UML ?
What’s the sequence of UML diagrams in project?
Twist: - How did you implement UML in your project?
Just a small Twist: - Do I need all UML diagrams in a project?
Give a small brief explanation of all Elements in activity diagrams?
Explain Different elements of a collaboration diagram ?
Explain Component diagrams ?
Explain all parts of a deployment diagram?
Describe various components in sequence diagrams?
What are the element in State Chart diagrams ?
Describe different elements in Static Chart diagrams ?
Explain different elements of a Use Case ?
Twist: - What’s difference between Activity and sequence diagrams?(I leave this to the readers)

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 10

2008-04-01T01:12:00.000-07:00

SQL SERVER

What is normalization? What are different type of normalization?
What is denormalization ?
What is a candidate key ?
What are different types of joins and whats the difference between them ?
What are indexes and What is the difference between clustered and nonclustered indexes?
How can you increase SQL performance ?
What is the use of OLAP ?
What's a measure in OLAP ?
What are dimensions in OLAP ?
What are levels in dimensions ?
What are fact tables and dimension tables in OLAP ?
Twist :- can you explain the star schema for OLAP ?
What is DTS?
What is fillfactor ?
Twist :- When does plage split occurs ?
What is RAID and how does it work ?
What's the difference between DELETE TABLE and TRUNCATE TABLE commands?
What are the problems that can occur if you do not implement locking properly in SQL SERVER ?
What are different transaction levels in SQL SERVER ?
Twist :- what are different types of locks in SQL SERVER ?
What are different locks in SQL SERVER ?
Can we suggest locking hints to SQL SERVER ?
What is LOCK escalation?
What are the different ways of moving data/databases between servers and databases in SQL Server?
What are advantages of SQL 2000 over SQl 7.0 ?
What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE?
What is difference between UNION and UNION ALL SQL syntax ?
How can you raise custom errors from stored procedure ?
What is ACID fundamental and what are transactions in SQL SERVER ?
What is DBCC?
What is purpose of Replication ?
What are different type of replication supported by SQL SERVER ?
What is BCP utility in SQL SERVER ?
What are different types of triggers in SQl SERVER 2000 ?
If we have multiple AFTER Triggers on table how can we define the sequence of the triggers ?
What is SQl injection ?
What’s the difference between Stored Procedure (SP) and User Defined Function (UDF)?

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 9

2008-04-01T01:11:00.001-07:00

ADO.NET

What is the namespace in which .NET has the data functionality classes ?
Can you give a overview of ADO.NET architecture ?
What are the two fundamental objects in ADO.NET ?
What is difference between dataset and datareader ?
What are major difference between classic ADO and ADO.NET ?
What is the use of connection object ?
What is the use of command objects and what are the methods provided by the command object ?
What is the use of dataadapter ?
What are basic methods of Dataadapter ?
What is Dataset object?
What are the various objects in Dataset ?
How can we connect to Microsoft Access , Foxpro , Oracle etc ?
How do we connect to SQL SERVER , which namespace do we use ?
How do we use stored procedure in ADO.NET and how do we provide parameters to the stored procedures?
How can we force the connection object to close after my datareader is closed ?
I want to force the datareader to return only schema of the datastore rather than data ?
How can we fine tune the command object when we are expecting a single row or a single value ?
Which is the best place to store connectionstring in .NET projects ?
What are steps involved to fill a dataset ?
Twist :- How can we use dataadapter to fill a dataset ?
What are the various methods provided by the dataset object to generate XML?
How can we save all data from dataset ?
How can we check that some changes have been made to dataset since it was loaded ?
Twist :- How can we cancel all changes done in dataset ? , How do we get values which are changed in a dataset ?
How can we add/remove row’s in “DataTable” object of “DataSet” ?
What’s basic use of “DataView” ?
What’s difference between “DataSet” and “DataReader” ?
Twist :- Why is DataSet slower than DataReader ?
How can we load multiple tables in a DataSet ?
How can we add relation’s between table in a DataSet ?
What’s the use of CommandBuilder ?
What’s difference between “Optimistic” and “Pessimistic” locking ?
How many way’s are there to implement locking in ADO.NET ?
How can we perform transactions in .NET?
What’s difference between Dataset. clone and Dataset. copy ?
Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
Explain in detail the fundamental of connection pooling?
What is Maximum Pool Size in ADO.NET Connection String?
How to enable and disable connection pooling?

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 8

2008-04-01T01:09:00.000-07:00

.NET Architecture

What are design patterns ?
What’s difference between Factory and Abstract Factory Pattern’s?
What’s MVC pattern?
Twist: - How can you implement MVC pattern in ASP.NET?
How can we implement singleton pattern in .NET?
How do you implement prototype pattern in .NET?
Twist: - How to implement cloning in .NET ? , What is shallow copy and deep copy ?
What are the situations you will use a Web Service and Remoting in projects?
Can you give a practical implementation of FAÇADE patterns?
How can we implement observer pattern in .NET?
What is three tier architecture?
Have you ever worked with Microsoft Application Blocks, if yes then which?
What is Service Oriented architecture?
What are different ways you can pass data between tiers?
What is Windows DNA architecture?
What is aspect oriented programming?

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 7

2008-04-01T01:06:00.000-07:00

ASP.NET Interview questions and Answers

What’s the sequence in which ASP.NET events are processed ?
In which event are the controls fully loaded ?
How can we identify that the Page is PostBack ?
How does ASP.NET maintain state in between subsequent request ?
What is event bubbling ?
How do we assign page specific attributes ?
Administrator wants to make a security check that no one has tampered with ViewState , how can he ensure this ?
What’s the use of @ Register directives ?
What’s the use of SmartNavigation property ?
What is AppSetting Section in “Web.Config” file ?
Where is ViewState information stored ?
What’s the use of @ OutputCache directive in ASP.NET?
How can we create custom controls in ASP.NET ?
How many types of validation controls are provided by ASP.NET ?
Can you explain what is “AutoPostBack” feature in ASP.NET ?
How can you enable automatic paging in DataGrid ?
What’s the use of “GLOBAL.ASAX” file ?
What’s the difference between “Web.config” and “Machine.Config” ?
What’s a SESSION and APPLICATION object ?
What’s difference between Server.Transfer and response.Redirect ?
What’s difference between Authentication and authorization?
What is impersonation in ASP.NET ?
Can you explain in brief how the ASP.NET authentication process works?
What are the various ways of authentication techniques in ASP.NET?
How does authorization work in ASP.NET?
What’s difference between Datagrid , Datalist and repeater ?
From performance point of view how do they rate ?
What’s the method to customize columns in DataGrid?
How can we format data inside DataGrid?
How will decide the design consideration to take a Datagrid , datalist or repeater ?
Difference between ASP and ASP.NET?
What are major events in GLOBAL.ASAX file ?
What order they are triggered ?
Do session use cookies ?
How can we force all the validation control to run ?
How can we check if all the validation control are valid and proper ?
If you have client side validation is enabled in your Web page , Does that mean server side code is not run?
Which JavaScript file is referenced for validating the validators at the client side ?
How to disable client side script in validators?
I want to show the entire validation error message in a message box on the client side?
You find that one of your validation is very complicated and does not fit in any of the validators , so what will you do ?
What is Tracing in ASP.NET ?
How do we enable tracing ?
What exactly happens when ASPX page is requested from Browser?
How can we kill a user session ?
How do you upload a file in ASP.NET ?
How do I send email message from ASP.NET ?
What are different IIS isolation levels?
ASP used STA threading model , whats the threading model used for ASP.NET ?
Whats the use of <%@ page aspcompat=true %> attribute ?
Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
Can you explain Forms authentication in detail ?
How do I sign out in forms authentication ?
If cookies are not enabled at browser end does form Authentication work?
How to use a checkbox in a datagrid?
What are the steps to create a windows service in VB.NET ?
What’s the difference between “Web farms” and “Web garden”?
How do we configure “WebGarden”?
What is the main difference between Gridlayout and FlowLayout ?

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 6

2008-04-01T00:33:00.000-07:00

OOPS

What is Object Oriented Programming ?
What’s a Class ?
What’s a Object ?
What’s the relation between Classes and Objects ?
What are different properties provided by Object-oriented systems ?
Twist :- Can you explain different properties of Object Oriented Systems?
Twist :- What’s difference between Association , Aggregation and Inheritance relationships?
How can we acheive inheritance in VB.NET ?
What are abstract classes ?
What’s a Interface ?
What is difference between abstract classes and interfaces?
What is a delegate ?
What are event’s ?
Do events have return type ?
Can event’s have access modifiers ?
Can we have shared events ?
What is shadowing ?
What’s difference between Shadowing and Overriding ?
What’s difference between delegate and events?
If we inherit a class do the private variables also get inherited ?
What are different accessibility levels defined in .NET ?
Can you prevent a class from overriding ?
What’s the use of “MustInherit” keyword in VB.NET ?
Why can not you specify accessibility modifier in Interface ?
What are similarities between Class and structure ?
What’s the difference between Class and structure’s ?
What does virtual keyword mean ?
What are shared (VB.NET)/Static(C#) variables?
What is Dispose method in .NET ?
Whats the use of “OverRides” and “Overridable” keywords ?
Where are all .NET Collection classes located ?
What is ArrayList ?
What’s a HashTable ?
Twist :- What’s difference between HashTable and ArrayList ?
What are queues and stacks ?
What is ENUM ?
What is nested Classes ?
What’s Operator Overloading in .NET?
In below sample code if we create a object of class2 which constructor will fire first ?
What’s the significance of Finalize method in .NET?
Why is it preferred to not use finalize for clean up?
How can we suppress a finalize method?
What’s the use of DISPOSE method?
How do I force the Dispose method to be called automatically, as clients can forget to call Dispose method?
In what instances you will declare a constructor to be private?
Can we have different access modifiers on get/set methods of a property ?
If we write a goto or a return statement in try and catch block will the finally block execute ?
What is Indexer ?
Can we have static indexer in C# ?
In a program there are multiple catch blocks so can it happen that two catch blocks are executed ?
What is the difference between System.String and System.StringBuilder classes?

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 5

2008-04-01T00:30:00.000-07:00

Caching Concepts

What is application object ?
What’s the difference between Cache object and application object ?
How can get access to cache object ?
What are dependencies in cache and types of dependencies ?
Can you show a simple code showing file dependency in cache ?
What is Cache Callback in Cache ?
What is scavenging ?
What are different types of caching using cache object of ASP.NET?
How can you cache different version of same page using ASP.NET cache object ?
How will implement Page Fragment Caching ?
What are ASP.NET session and compare ASP.NET session with classic ASP session variables?
Which various modes of storing ASP.NET session ?
Is Session_End event supported in all session modes ?
What are the precautions you will take in order that StateServer Mode work properly ?
What are the precautions you will take in order that SQLSERVER Mode work properly ?
Where do you specify session state mode in ASP.NET ?
What are the other ways you can maintain state ?
What are benefits and Limitation of using Hidden fields ?
What is ViewState ?
Do performance vary for viewstate according to User controls ?
What are benefits and Limitation of using Viewstate for state management?
How an you use Hidden frames to cache client data ?
What are benefits and Limitation of using Hidden frames?
What are benefits and Limitation of using Cookies?
What is Query String and What are benefits and Limitation of using Query Strings?

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 4

2008-04-01T00:26:00.000-07:00

Remoting and Webservices

What is a application domain?
What is .NET Remoting ?
Which class does the remote object has to inherit ?
What are two different types of remote object creation mode in .NET ?
Describe in detail Basic of SAO architecture of Remoting?
What are the situations you will use singleton architecture in remoting ?
What is fundamental of published or precreated objects in Remoting ?
What are the ways client can create object on server in CAO model ?
Are CAO stateful in nature ?
In CAO model when we want client objects to be created by “NEW” keyword is there
any precautions to be taken ?
Is it a good design practice to distribute the implementation to Remoting Client ?
What is LeaseTime,SponsorshipTime ,RenewonCallTime and LeaseManagerPollTime?
Which config file has all the supported channels/protocol ?
How can you specify remoting parameters using Config files ?
Can Non-Default constructors be used with Single Call SAO?
Twist :- What are the limitation of constructors for Single call SAO ?
How can we call methods in remoting Asynchronously ?
What is Asynchronous One-Way Calls ?
What is marshalling and what are different kinds of marshalling ?
What is ObjRef object in remoting ?
What is a WebService ?
What is UDDI ?
What is DISCO ?
What is WSDL?
What the different phase/steps of acquiring a proxy object in Webservice ?
What is file extension of Webservices ?
Which attribute is used in order that the method can be used as WebService?
What are the steps to create a webservice and consume it ?
Do webservice have state ?

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 3

2008-04-01T00:25:00.000-07:00

Threading

What is Multi-tasking ?
What is Multi-threading ?
What is a Thread ?
Did VB6 support multi-threading ?
Can we have multiple threads in one App domain ?
Which namespace has threading ?
Can you explain in brief how can we implement threading ?
How can we change priority and what the levels of priority are provided by .NET ?
What does Addressof operator do in background ?
How can you reference current thread of the method ?
What's Thread.Sleep() in threading ?
How can we make a thread sleep for infinite period ?
What is Suspend and Resume in Threading ?
What the way to stop a long running thread ?
How do i debug thread ?
What's Thread.Join() in threading ?
What are Daemon thread's and how can a thread be created as Daemon?
When working with shared data in threading how do you implement synchronization ?
Can we use events with threading ?
How can we know a state of a thread?
What is a monitor object?
What are wait handles ?
Twist :- What is a mutex object ?
what is ManualResetEvent and AutoResetEvent ?
What is ReaderWriter Locks ?
How can you avoid deadlock in threading ?
What’s difference between thread and process?

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 2

2008-04-01T00:23:00.000-07:00

.NET Interoperability

How can we use COM Components in .NET?
Twist : What is RCW ?
Once i have developed the COM wrapper do i have to still register the COM in registry?
How can we use .NET components in COM?
Twist :- What is CCW (COM callable wrapper) ?, What caution needs to be taken in order that .NET components is compatible with COM ?
How can we make Windows API calls in .NET?
When we use windows API in .NET is it managed or unmanaged code ?
What is COM ?
What is Reference counting in COM ?
Can you describe IUKNOWN interface in short ?
Can you explain what is DCOM ?
How do we create DCOM object in VB6?
How to implement DTC in .NET ?
How many types of Transactions are there in COM + .NET ?
How do you do object pooling in .NET ?
What are types of compatibility in VB6?
What is equivalent for regsvr32 exe in .NET ?

.NET Interview questions and Answers: 1

2008-04-01T00:11:00.000-07:00

.NET Interview questions :- Basic .NET Framework

What is a IL?

Twist :- What is MSIL or CIL , What is JIT?

What is a CLR?
What is a CTS?
What is a CLS(Common Language Specification)?
What is a Managed Code?
What is a Assembly ?
What are different types of Assembly?
What is NameSpace?
What is Difference between NameSpace and Assembly?
If you want to view a Assembly how to you go about it ?
Twist : What is ILDASM ?
What is Manifest?
Where is version information stored of a assembly ?
Is versioning applicable to private assemblies?
What is GAC ?
Twist :- What are situations when you register .NET assembly in GAC ?
What is concept of strong names ?
Twist :- How do we generate strong names or what is the process of generating strong names , What is use of SN.EXE , How do we apply strong names to assembly ? , How do you sign an assembly ?
How to add and remove a assembly from GAC?
What is Delay signing ?
What is garbage collection?
Can we force garbage collector to run ?
What is reflection?
What are different type of JIT ?
What are Value types and Reference types ?
What is concept of Boxing and Unboxing ?
What’s difference between VB.NET and C# ?
What’s difference between System exceptions and Application exceptions?
What is CODE Access security?
What is a satellite assembly?
How to prevent my .NET DLL to be decompiled?
What’s the difference between Convert.toString and .toString() method ?
What is Native Image Generator (Ngen.exe)?
We have two version of the same assembly in GAC? I want my client to make choice of
which assembly to choose?
What is CodeDom?

Sample Resume

2008-03-28T00:47:00.000-07:00

Mail: interviewQuestions@yahoo.com

Phones: 9966775533

Summary:

Experience of above 7 years experience in IT industry
Ability to handle independently projects and lead team in c#, vb.net, vb6, asp, asp.net with Sql server back end.
Software estimation using Function points and Use Case Points.
Handled Team of 20 people and met project deadlines according to management needs.
Analysis design, preparing scope document's document, UML documentation.
Good knowledge in CMM level process was a member of CMMI steering committee.
Abroad experience of 30 months in US and UK.
Presently Working in SBI project
Will join after one month as that's my present companies leaving period.

Expectations:

Looking for a post of project leader or project manager.
Getting four lakhs plus per annum.
Expecting eight lakhs per annum.

Software Skills:

Languages:-C#,VB.NET,VB/5/6,ASP, ASP.NET, COBOL, C, Vbscript, JavaScript.
Tools used in Projects: - Code Smith, FXCop, NUnit, MPP, Enterprise architect.
Application Blocks: - Data Application Blocks, Error handling Application blocks.
Databases:-Sql Server 7.0/2000/DB2/IMS/ ACCESS
Server:-BizTalk Server, IIS Server, Java Web server , MTS
Certifications:-MCSD
Architecture Know How: - Design Patterns, Three tier architecture and MVC.
Estimation techniques :- Function Points, Use Case Points,COCOMO-2
Process Know How: - Was in Steering committee of CMMI 5, Know how of all KPA and implemented project management KPA in project with help of my project manager.
Operating Systems:- MVS, Windows , OS/ WRAP,NT 4.0,Windows 2000 and 2003

Work Experience:-

· Simon technologies (July 2004 till Date)

· Onsite London 11 Th October 2001 TO 2 nd Feb 2004.

· Raj travels March 2001 TO 10 Th October 2001

· Extra force 2 Jan 2000 TO Feb 2001

· Amazing technologies 28th Sept 97 TO 23 rd Dec 1999

Significant Projects:-

SBI
Cadbury Prototype.
Call centre Project (Maersk)
Travel Product.
Travel Back Office.
Kodak Album.
Instareach
Accounts Package(In house Project)
Placement Website.
R&D Equipments Project.
Sense Stock website.
Ebenshoppe.
Indian Marriage Website.
Zed gateway website
ISI bar Furnace simulation project.
Export package for vaishnav export.

Project Details:-

NOTE: (In order to keep the CV short I have described only past 7 projects)

State Bank of India
Role	Team Leader
Platform	Asp.NET,C#,SQL SERVER 2000
Team Size	3
Description	Atomization of leave process through proper defined hierarchy of Normal user, SA and RA roles among members. Migrating old application database to new application database. Authorization and authentification happens through NDS. Maintain Audit History of leave application. Integration of the leave work flow with group wise task list and calendar Incorporating custom rules for the following leave type Improving scalability of the old application.

Cadbury project prototype
Role	Team Leader
Platform	Asp.NET,C#,SQL SERVER 2000
Team Size	5
Description	Application Record’s Downtime and uptime of the plant and machinery. Drawing reports from the downtime and uptime gathered data. Graphical and Non-graphical representation of report.

Maersk Call Centre
Role	Project Leader
Platform	VB.NET,SQL SERVER 2000
Other Tools	Fxcop,Code Smith
External Tools	Alcatel Switches
Team Size	10
Description	Customer Management database for call centre. TAPI integration using Tele tools OCX. MSMQ server database integration. Integration of old application with the current new project.

Travel Product
Role	Group leader
Platform	CSHARP,SQL SERVER 2000, 3 TIER ARCHITECTURE
Other Tools	Fxcop,Code Smith
Team Size	40
Description	This is ongoing project. This product is made for travel domain (Airline industry, Car, Hotels, Excursions). I am involved in planning of scope document, Estimation, domain study and then in to implementation study. Integration with Amadeus, Galileo external third party software. Software has capabilities like Booking online, hotel bookings, car bookings, reports, financial capture of data. Integration with external Accounting software like quick books, ARC,BSP

Educational Qualification:-

BE ELECT 1997 IIT
DIP EPS 1994 KPK
SSC 1990 KKK

Other technical Achievements:-

Regular author on popular websites and here are some of my tutorials.

MCSD.NET
Diploma in computer science
Written white papers in estimation

Griffin Back Office
Role	Team Leader
Platform	VB6,C#,SQL SERVER 2000,COM, 3 TIER ARCHITECTURE
Team Size	3
Description	This product was made for 18 countries of GRIFFIN marine travel office. The project was built with 3 tier architecture fundamentals. It had accounting, invoicing, cash, BSP support, Galileo and Amadeus Booking systems, Customer reports, Supplier statements, Trial Balance, Multi currency support, Multi user support.Sucessfully closed accounting statements for two Countries. Printing support for both windows printer and dot matrix printer. It has server based programs and client based programs

.Net Framework -1

2008-03-03T00:05:00.000-08:00

1. What is .NET?
.NET - is the Microsoft Web services strategy to connect information, people, systems, and devices through software. Integrated across the Microsoft platform, .NET technology provides the ability to quickly build, deploy, manage, and use connected, security-enhanced solutions with Web services. .NET-connected solutions enable businesses to integrate their systems more rapidly and in a more agile manner and help them realize the promise of information anytime, anywhere, on any device. Reference

2. Which versions of .NET have been released so far?

The final version of the .NET 1.0 SDK & runtime were made publically available on 15 - Jan -2002. At the same time, the final version of Visual Studio.NET was made available to MSDN subscribers.

.NET 1.1 was released in April 2003, with bugs fixed. Visual Studio 2003 supports development of applications in version 1.1.

.NET 2.0 was launched in October 2005 for MSDN subscribers, and officially released in Nov 2005.

On - Jun - 2006, .NET 3.0 was launched. This version was earlier called WinFX. Visual Studio 2005 supports development of .NET 2.0 and .NET 3.0 applications. .NET 3 is comprised of the following:

Windows Communication Foundation
Windows Presentation Foundation
Windows Workflow Foundation
Windows Cardspace

The next version of Visual Studio, code named Orcas, Beta 1 has been released as a Beta Version. The .NET Framework 3.5 Beta is also available as a download.

3. Which versions of .NET have been released so far?

4. Which tools can be used for .NET Development?

The .NET Framework SDK is free and includes command-line compilers for C++, C#, and VB.NET and various other utilities to aid development.

SharpDevelop is a free IDE for C# and VB.NET.

Microsoft Visual Studio Express editions are cut-down versions of Visual Studio, for hobbyist or novice developers and are available for FREE Download at Microsoft site. Note that .NET 2.0 Framework gets downloaded along with Visual Studio Express & All versions above Visual Studio Express. Download Visual Studio Express

There are different versions for C#, VB, web development etc. Microsoft Visual Studio Standard 2005 is around $300, or $200 for the upgrade.

Microsoft VIsual Studio Professional 2005 is around $800, or $550 for the upgrade. At the top end of the price range are the Microsoft Visual Studio Team Edition for Software Developers 2005 with MSDN Premium and Team Suite editions. Visual Web Developer Express is available as a free download.

The next version of Visual Studio, code named Orcas, Beta 1 has been released as a Beta Version and is available for download. Download Orcas

5. Explain CLI, CIL, CTS, Metadata, CLS, IL and VES in .NET

CLI - Common Language Infrastructure. Microsoft has a piece of shared source, its the public implementation of ECMA Common Language Infrastructure. This shared code is code-named "Rotor". It has around 3 million lines of code. Those who are interesed in development of a language that targets the .NET Framework, may extensively make use of this CLI. The following topics are covered in the Shared Source CLI :

* The CLI type system
* Component packing & assemblies
* Type Loading & JIT Compilatino
* Managed code & Execution Engine (CLR)
* Description of Garbage Collection process & memory management
* The Platform Adaptation Layer (PAL): a portability layer for Win32®, Mac OS® X, and FreeBSD

Its been written by the Microsoft Team that has developed the .NET Framework.

Note: A compiled managed assembly is comprised of IL, Metadata and Manifest.

CIL Stands for Common Intermediate Language. Its actually a low level human readable language implementation of CLI. All .NET-aware languages compile the source oode to an intermediate language called Common Intermediate Language using the language specific compiler. It is also possible to build .NET assemblies direclty using CIL using the ilasm.exe compiler. This compiler is shipped along with the .NET Framework 2.0 SDK. CIL is the only language that allows access to each aspect of the CTS. CIL is the definition of the fundamentals of the .NET framework.

CTS - stands for Common Type Specification. It is at the core of .NET Framework's cross-language integration, type safety, and high-performance code execution. It defines a common set of types that can be used with many different language syntaxes. Each language (C#, VB.NET, Managed C++, and so on) is free to define any syntax it wishes, but if that language is built on the CLR, it will use at least some of the types defined by the CTS.

Metadata - is code that describes the compiled IL. A .NET language compiler will generate the metadata and store this in the assembly containing the CIL. Metadata describes all class members and classes that are defined in the assembly, and the classes and class members that the current assembly will call from another assembly. The metadata for a method contains the complete description of the method, including the class (and the assembly that contains the class), the return type and all of the method parameters. When the CLR executes CIL it will check to make sure that the metadata of the called method is the same as the metadata that is stored in the calling method. This ensures that a method can only be called with exactly the correct number of parameters and exactly the correct parameter types.

CLS - Common Language Specification. A type that is CLS compliant, may be used across any .NET language. CLS is a set of language rules that defines language standards for a .NET language and types declared in it. While declaring a new type, if we make use of the [CLSCompliant] attribute, the type is forced to conform to the rules of CLS.

IL - Intermediate Language, is the compiled form of the .NET language source code. When .NET source code is compiled by the language specific compiler (say we compile C# code using csc.exe), it is compiled to a .NET binary, which is platform independent, and is called Intermediate Language code. The .NET binary also comprises of metadata.

Its important to note here that metadata describes the IL, whereas manifest describes the assembly.

VES - Virtual Execution System. The Virtual Execution System(VES) provides an environment for executing managed code. It provides direct support for a set of built-in data types, defines a hypothetical machine with an associated machine model and state, a set of control flow constructs, and an exception handling model.To a large extent, the purpose of the VES is to provide the support required to execute the Common Intermediate Language instruction set.

6. What is CLR in .NET?

Common Language Runtime - It is the implementation of CLI. The core runtime engine in the Microsoft .NET Framework for executing applications. The common language runtime supplies managed code with services such as cross-language integration, code access security, object lifetime management, resouce management, type safety, pre-emptive threading, metadata services (type reflection), and debugging and profiling support. The ASP.NET Framework and Internet Explorer are examples of hosting CLR.

The CLR is a multi-language execution environment. There are currently over 15 compilers being built by Microsoft and other companies that produce code that will execute in the CLR.

The CLR is described as the "execution engine" of .NET. It's this CLR that manages the execution of programs. It provides the environment within which the programs run. The software version of .NET is actually the CLR version.

When the .NET program is compiled, the output of the compiler is not an executable file but a file that contains a special type of code called the Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL, now called CIL, Common Intermediate Language). This MSIL defines a set of portable instructions that are independent of any specific CPU. It's the job of the CLR to translate this Intermediate code into a executable code when the program is executed making the program to run in any environment for which the CLR is implemented. And that's how the .NET Framework achieves Portability. This MSIL is turned into executable code using a JIT (Just In Time) complier. The process goes like this, when .NET programs are executed, the CLR activates the JIT complier. The JIT complier converts MSIL into native code on a demand basis as each part of the program is needed. Thus the program executes as a native code even though it is compiled into MSIL making the program to run as fast as it would if it is compiled to native code but achieves the portability benefits of MSIL.

7. What is a Class Library in .NET?

Class library is the another major entity of the .NET Framework. This library gives the program access to runtime environment. The class library consists of lots of prewritten code that all the applications created in .NET aware languages and Visual Studio .NET will use. The code for all the elements like forms, controls and the rest in VB .NET applications actually comes from the class library.

Code in class libraries may be shared & reused. One of the core . NET libraries is mscorlib.dll. .NET language compilers reference this library automatically as it contains core types. A class library, contains types, that may be used by external applications. A class library may be a DLL or an EXE. Note that the .NET class libraries, even though have a same extension as the old COM Win32 binaries, yet they are very different internally.

8. Explain Managed code, managed class and managed data in .NET

Managed Code - The .NET framework provides lots of core runtime services to the programs that run within it. For example - security & exception handling. Such a code has a minimum level of information. It has metadata associated with it. Such a code is called Managed Code. VB.NET, C#, JS.NET code is managed by default. In order to make C++ code managed, we make use of managed extensions, which is nothing but a postfix _gc after the class name.

Managed Data - Data that is allocated & freed by the .NET runtime's Garbage collecter.

Managed Class - A class whose objects are managed by the CLR's garbage collector. In VC++.NET, classes are not managed. However, they can be managed using managed extentions. This is done using an _gc postfix. A managed C++ class can inherit from VB.NET classes, C# classes, JS.NET classes. A managed class can inherit from only one class. .NET does'nt allow multiple inheritance in managed classes.

9. What is an assembly in .NET? What is ILDASM?

Assembly - An assembly may be an exe, a dll, an application having an entry point, or a library. It may consist of one or more files. It represents a group of resources, type definitions, and implementation of these types. They may contain references to other assemblies. These resources, types & references are compacted in a block of data called manifest. The manifest is a part of the assembly, which makes it self-describing. Assemblies also increase security of code in .NET. An assembly maybe shared(public) or private. The assembly, overall comprises of 3 entities: IL, Manifest, Metadata. Metadata describes IL, whereas Manifest describes the assembly.

An assembly may be created by building the class(the .vb or .cs file), thereby producing its DLL.

ILDASM - The contents of an assembly may be viewed using the ILDASM tool, that comes with the .NET SDK or the Visual Studio.NET. The ildasm.exe tool may also be used in the command line compiler.

10. What is Reflection in .NET?

Reflection - The process of getting the metadata from modules/assemblies. When .NET code is compiled, metadata about the types defined in the modules is produced. These modules are in turn packaged as assemblied. The process of accessing this metadata in called Reflection.

The namespace System.Reflection contains classes that can be used for interrogating the types for a module/assembly. We use reflection for examining data type sizes for marshalling across process & machine boundaries.

Reflection is also used for:

1) To dynamically invoke methods (using System.Type.InvokeMember)
2) To dynamically create types at runtime (using System.Reflection.Emit.TypeBuilder).

11. What are the different types of assemblies in .NET?

An assembly may be Public or Private. A public assembly is also called a Shared Assembly.

A Satellite Assembly - is an assembly that contains only resources, and no code. The resources are location specific. A satellite assembly is associated with a main assembly, the one that actually contains the code.

11a. What is the difference between a Public Assembly and a Private Assembly?

An assembly is the basic building block in .NET. It is the compiled format of a class, that contains Metadata, Manisfest & Intermediate Language code.

An assembly may be either Public or Private. A public assembly means the same as Shared Assembly.

Private Assembly - This type of assembly is used by a single application. It is stored in the application's directory or the applications sub-directory. There is no version constraint in a private assembly.

Shared Assembly or Public Assembly - A shared assembly has version constraint. It is stored in the Global Assembly Cache (GAC). GAC is a repository of shared assemblies maintained by the .NET runtime. It is located at C:\Windows\Assembly OR C:\Winnt\Assembly. The shared assemblies may be used by many applications. To make an assembly a shared assembly, it has to be strongly named. In order to share an assembly with many applications, it must have a strong name.

A Strong Name assembly is an assembly that has its own identity, through its version and uniqueness.

In order to convert a private assembly to a shared assembly, i.e. to create a strongly named assembly, follow the steps below...

1) Create a strong key using the sn.exe tool. This is used to created a cryptographic key pair. The key pair that is generated by the Strong Name tool can be kept in a file or we can store it our your local machine's Crytographic Service Provider (CSP). For this, goto the .NET command interpreter, and type the following...

sn -k C:\samplekey.snk

This will create a strong key and save it to the location C:\samplekey.snk 2) If the key is stored in a file, just like we have done above, we use the attribute AssemblyKeyFileAttribute. This belongs to the namespace System.Reflection.AssemblyKeyFileAttribute. If the key was in the CSP, we would make use of System.Reflection.AssemblyKeyNameAttribute.

Go to the assemblyinfo.vb file of your project. Open this file. Make the following changes in this file...

We may write this in our code as well, like this...

Imports System.Reflection

Namespace StrongName
Public class Sample
End Class
End Namespace

3) Build your project. Your assembly is now strongly named.
Installing the Shared assembly in GAC...
Go to .NET command interpreter, use the tool gacutil.exe
Type the following...
gacutil /i sampleclass.dll
To uninstall it, use... gacutil /u sampleclass.dll. Visual Studio.NET provides a GUI tool for viewing all shared assemblies in the GAC.

2005-02-20T23:19:00.000-08:00

Interview Questions

.NET Remoting

What’s a Windows process? It’s an application that’s running and had been allocated memory.
What’s typical about a Windows process in regards to memory allocation? Each process is allocated its own block of available RAM space, no process can access another process’ code or data. If the process crashes, it dies alone without taking the entire OS or a bunch of other applications down.
Why do you call it a process? What’s different between process and application in .NET, not common computer usage, terminology? A process is an instance of a running application. An application is an executable on the hard drive or network. There can be numerous processes launched of the same application (5 copies of Word running), but 1 process can run just 1 application.
What distributed process frameworks outside .NET do you know? Distributed Computing Environment/Remote Procedure Calls (DEC/RPC), Microsoft Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM), Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), and Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI).
What are possible implementations of distributed applications in .NET? .NET Remoting and ASP.NET Web Services. If we talk about the Framework Class Library, noteworthy classes are in System.Runtime.Remoting and System.Web.Services.
When would you use .NET Remoting and when Web services? Use remoting for more efficient exchange of information when you control both ends of the application. Use Web services for open-protocol-based information exchange when you are just a client or a server with the other end belonging to someone else.
What’s a proxy of the server object in .NET Remoting? It’s a fake copy of the server object that resides on the client side and behaves as if it was the server. It handles the communication between real server object and the client object. This process is also known as marshaling.
What are remotable objects in .NET Remoting? Remotable objects are the objects that can be marshaled across the application domains. You can marshal by value, where a deep copy of the object is created and then passed to the receiver. You can also marshal by reference, where just a reference to an existing object is passed.
What are channels in .NET Remoting? Channels represent the objects that transfer the other serialized objects from one application domain to another and from one computer to another, as well as one process to another on the same box. A channel must exist before an object can be transferred.
What security measures exist for .NET Remoting in System.Runtime.Remoting? None. Security should be taken care of at the application level. Cryptography and other security techniques can be applied at application or server level.
What is a formatter? A formatter is an object that is responsible for encoding and serializing data into messages on one end, and deserializing and decoding messages into data on the other end.
Choosing between HTTP and TCP for protocols and Binary and SOAP for formatters, what are the trade-offs? Binary over TCP is the most effiecient, SOAP over HTTP is the most interoperable.
What’s SingleCall activation mode used for? If the server object is instantiated for responding to just one single request, the request should be made in SingleCall mode.
What’s Singleton activation mode? A single object is instantiated regardless of the number of clients accessing it. Lifetime of this object is determined by lifetime lease.
How do you define the lease of the object? By implementing ILease interface when writing the class code.
Can you configure a .NET Remoting object via XML file? Yes, via machine.config and application level .config file (or web.config in ASP.NET). Application-level XML settings take precedence over machine.config.
How can you automatically generate interface for the remotable object in .NET with Microsoft tools? Use the Soapsuds tool.

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